Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study cohort.
| NDMA exposure | ||||
| Characteristic |
All
(N = 780 871) (%) |
Not exposed
(n = 371 688) (%) |
Exposed
(n = 409 183) (%) |
|
| Gender | Male | 312 146 (40.0) | 156 360 (42.1) | 155 786 (38.1) |
| Female | 468 725 (60.0) | 215 328 (57.9) | 253 397 (61.9) | |
| Age: median (IQR) | 68 (57–75) | 66 (55–74) | 69 (58–76) | |
| Prevalent use | No | 534 519 (68.5) | 300 370 (80.8) | 234 149 (57.2) |
| Yes | 246 352 (31.5) | 71 318 (19.2) | 175 034 (42.8) | |
| SSRI | 36 825 (4.7) | 16 202 (4.4) | 20 623 (5.0) | |
| NSAID | 316 350 (40.5) | 150 730 (40.6) | 165 620 (40.5) | |
| 5α-Reductase inhibitors | 6136 (0.8) | 2684 (0.7) | 3452 (0.8) | |
| Low-dose ASA | 94 061 (12.0) | 38 988 (10.5) | 55 073 (13.5) | |
| Statins | 237 998 (30.5) | 102 502 (27.6) | 135 496 (33.1) | |
| Spironolactone | 25 235 (3.2) | 9986 (2.7) | 15 249 (3.7) | |
| Glucocorticoids | 72 493 (9.3) | 32 805 (8.8) | 39 688 (9.7) | |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 19 219 (2.5) | 9025 (2.4) | 10 194 (2.5) | |
| Polypharmacy | 456 508 (58.5) | 197 710 (53.2) | 258 798 (63.2) | |
| Diabetes | 277 266 (35.5) | 125 388 (33.7) | 151 878 (37.1) | |
| COPD | 103 474 (13.3) | 45 356 (12.2) | 58 118 (14.2) | |
| Congestive heart failure | 136 566 (17.5) | 55 554 (14.9) | 81 012 (19.8) | |
| Alcohol-related disease | 13 512 (1.7) | 6665 (1.8) | 6847 (1.7) | |
| CCI | Low (0) | 227 331 (29.1) | 121 183 (32.6) | 106 148 (25.9) |
| Medium (1–2) | 333 351 (42.7) | 158 327 (42.6) | 175 024 (42.8) | |
| High (≥ 3) | 220 189 (28.2) | 92 178 (24.8) | 128 011 (31.3) | |
ASA, Acetylsalicylic acid; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; COPD, chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease;
IQR, interquartile range; NDMA, N-nitrosodimethylamine; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors