Figure 7.

M1 neural activity modulated by the consistency of learned movements. A, The session-average fluorescence image of an example whole field of view in M1. Right two images represent magnified views showing individual neurons expressing GCaMP6f. B, The population average activity during movements in the consistent versus variable directions in an example M1 field. Data are mean ± SE across trials. The consistent and variable directions of each mouse were defined from their last training sessions before the imaging experiment. C, The peak amplitude of perimovement, population average activity during movements in the consistent versus variable directions. Left, The movement direction dependence of the peak amplitude was assessed using a mixed-effect model similar to Figure 4B. Red line and pink shade in each plot represent the 95% CI of the slope, and the statistical significance of the slope is specified (Table 1). Significant slopes indicate a significant dependence of the activity amplitude on the movement direction. Right, The same as at left, but per animal basis analysis. The average across sessions was taken for each animal. The amplitude was compared between the consistent and variable directions across 7 mice (paired bootstrap test). The same illustration format and statistical tests were applied to C–D and F–I. D, The mean amplitude of perimovement, population average activity. E, The activity of two example neurons in three forward and three downward movement trials. In each plot, the left side of the activity is aligned to cue onset, whereas the right side is aligned to movement onset. Cell 1 is tuned to the forward direction (consistent direction) as it is more reliably activated during the perimovement period in forward movement trials. Cell 2 is tuned to the downward direction. F, The fraction of neurons activated per trial when movement is made to the consistent versus variable direction. G, The perimovement activity amplitude of neurons that are activated. H, The fraction of neurons tuned to the consistent versus variable directions. I, The reliability of activation during movement to the preferred direction in consistent direction versus variable direction tuned neurons.