Table 1.
Figure | Test statistics and model variables | Test | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
1 C | Δ = Late – Early Fraction correct choices |
Paired bootstrap | 0.20 < Δ < 0.28 |
1 D | Δ = Late – Early Target acquisition time |
Paired bootstrap | −0.87 < Δ < −0.46 |
1 F | Δ = Late – Early Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation |
Paired bootstrap | 0.07 < Δ < 0.16 |
2 D | Δ = Consistent – Variable Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation |
Paired bootstrap | 0.11 < Δ < 0.18 |
2 E | Δ = Consistent – Variable Target acquisition time |
Paired bootstrap | −0.23 < Δ < −0.02 |
2 F | Δ = Consistent – Variable Fraction of correct choices |
Paired bootstrap | 0.06 < Δ < 0.20 |
4B, panel 1 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.01 < slope < 0.08 |
y = Δ no response | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.03 < slope < 0.36 | |
y = No response, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.01 < slope < 0.41 | |
y = No response, variable direction | |||
4B, panel 2 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.10 < slope < 0.09 |
y = Δ premature response | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | 0.07 < slope < 0.46 | |
y = Premature response, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | 0.10 < slope < 0.41 | |
y = Premature response, variable direction | |||
4B, panel 3 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.11 < slope < 0.10 |
y = Δ no target entry | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | 0.14 < slope < 0.41 | |
y = No target entry, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | 0.14 < slope < 0.37 | |
y = No target entry, variable direction | |||
4B, panel 4 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.10 < slope < 0.53 |
y = Δ incorrect target entry | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.06 < slope < 0.18 | |
y = Incorrect target entry, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | 0.20 < slope < 0.54 | |
y = Incorrect target entry, variable direction | |||
4C, panel 1 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.65 < slope < 0.25 |
y = Δ reaction time | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.41 < slope < 1.33 | |
y = Reaction time, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.11 < slope < 0.53 | |
y = Reaction time, variable direction | |||
4C, panel 2 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.01 < slope < 0.60 |
y = Δ target acquisition time | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.03 < slope < 0.43 | |
y = Target acquisition time, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | 0.20 < slope < 1.03 | |
y = Target acquisition time, variable direction | |||
4C, panel 3 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.12 < slope < 0.08 |
y = Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.13 < slope < 0.04 | |
y = Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.11 < slope < 0.03 | |
y = Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation, variable direction | |||
4C, panel 4 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.06 < slope < 1.38 |
y = Δ SD target acquisition time | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.10 < slope < 0.55 | |
y = SD target acquisition time, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | 0.23 < slope < 1.88 | |
y = SD target acquisition time, variable direction | |||
4C, panel 5 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.35 < slope < 1.02 |
y = Δ path length | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.30 < slope < 0.16 | |
y = Path length, consistent direction | |||
x = Inactivation or Control | Mixed-effects model | −0.41 < slope < 0.92 | |
y = Path length, variable direction | |||
4D, panel 1 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ no response |
Paired bootstrap | −0.10 < Δ < 0.01 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction No response |
Paired bootstrap | 0.01 < Δ < 0.34 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction No response |
Paired bootstrap | 0.20 < Δ < 0.41 | |
4D, panel 2 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ premature response |
Paired bootstrap | −0.11 < Δ < 0.06 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Premature response | Paired bootstrap | 0.02 < Δ < 0.46 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction Premature response | Paired bootstrap | 0.11 < Δ < 0.44 | |
4D, panel 3 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ no target entry |
Paired bootstrap | −0.09 < Δ < 0.15 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction No target entry |
Paired bootstrap | 0.14 < Δ < 0.46 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction No target entry |
Paired bootstrap | 0.14 < Δ < 0.36 | |
4D, panel 4 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ incorrect target entry |
Paired bootstrap | −0.54 < Δ < −0.06 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Incorrect target entry | Paired bootstrap | −0.08 < Δ < 0.17 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction Incorrect target entry |
Paired bootstrap | 0.16 < Δ < 0.49 | |
4E, panel 1 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ reaction time |
Paired bootstrap | −0.27 < Δ < 0.89 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Reaction time |
Paired bootstrap | −0.26 < Δ < 1.39 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction Reaction time |
Paired bootstrap | −0.04 < Δ < 0.91 | |
4E, panel 2 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ target acquisition time |
Paired bootstrap | −0.79 < Δ < −0.11 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Target acquisition |
Paired bootstrap | −0.05< Δ < 0.58 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction Target acquisition |
Paired bootstrap | 0.32 < Δ < 0.96 | |
4E, panel 3 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation |
Paired bootstrap | −0.06 < Δ < 0.19 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation |
Paired bootstrap | −0.13 < Δ < 0.07 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation |
Paired bootstrap | −0.18 < Δ < 0.06 | |
4E, panel 4 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ SD target acquisition time |
Paired bootstrap | −1.46 < Δ < −0.01 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction SD target acquisition time |
Paired bootstrap | −0.06 < Δ < 0.85 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction SD target acquisition time |
Paired bootstrap | 0.37 < Δ < 1.61 | |
4E, panel 5 | Δ = Consistent – Variable Δ path length |
Paired bootstrap | −0.83 < Δ < 0.37 |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Path length |
Paired bootstrap | −0.35 < Δ < 0.28 | |
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction Path length |
Paired bootstrap | −0.26 < Δ < 0.69 | |
5A, panel 1 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.02 < slope < 0.12 |
y = Δ no response | |||
5A, panel 2 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.13 < slope < 0.14 |
y = Δ premature response | |||
5A, panel 3 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.22 < slope < 0.12 |
y = Δ no target entry | |||
5A, panel 4 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.28 < slope < 0.70 |
y = Δ incorrect target entry | |||
5B, panel 1 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −1.23 < slope < 0.34 |
y = Δ reaction time | |||
5B, panel 2 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.20 < slope < 0.88 |
y = Δ target acquisition time | |||
5B, panel 3 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.10 < slope < 0.19 |
y = Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation | |||
5B, panel 4 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.21 < slope < 1.93 |
y = Δ SD target acquisition time | |||
5B, panel 5 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −1.00 < slope < 1.25 |
y = Δ path length | |||
5C, panel 1 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.02 < slope < 0.04 |
y = Δ no response | |||
5C, panel 2 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.15 < slope < 0.12 |
y = Δ premature response | |||
5C, panel 3 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.08 < slope < 0.17 |
y = Δ no target entry | |||
5C, panel 4 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.27 < slope < 0.40 |
y = Δ incorrect target entry | |||
5D, panel 1 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.75 < slope < 0.58 |
y = Δ reaction time | |||
5D, panel 2 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.05 < slope < 0.42 |
y = Δ target acquisition time | |||
5D, panel 3 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.21 < slope < 0.06 |
y = Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation | |||
5D, panel 4 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.11 < slope < 0.72 |
y = Δ SD target acquisition time | |||
5D, panel 5 | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.20 < slope < 0.93 |
y = Δ Path length | |||
6 A | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −2.80 < slope < −1.37 |
y = Δ incorrect target entry | |||
6 B | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −3.61 < slope < −0.12 |
y = Δ target acquisition time | |||
6 C | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −5.38 < slope < −1.26 |
y = Δ SD target acquisition time | |||
7C, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00 < slope < 0.01 |
y = Peak population average activity | |||
7C, right | Δ = Consistent – Variable Peak population average activity |
Paired bootstrap | 0.00 < Δ < 0.03 |
7D, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00 < slope < 0.01 |
y = Mean population average activity | |||
7D, right | Δ = Consistent – Variable Mean population average activity |
Paired bootstrap | 0.00 < Δ < 0.01 |
7F, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00 < slope < 0.03 |
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial | |||
7F, right | Δ = Consistent – Variable Fraction of active neurons per trial |
Paired bootstrap | 0.01 < Δ < 0.04 |
7G, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.02 < slope < 0.01 |
y = Amplitude of active neurons per active trial | |||
7G, right | Δ = Consistent – Variable Amplitude of active neurons per active trial |
Paired bootstrap | −0.03 < Δ < 0.01 |
7H, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.12 < slope < 0.22 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
7H, right | Δ = Consistent – Variable Fraction of tuned neurons |
Paired bootstrap | 0.10 < Δ < 0.22 |
7I, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00< slope < 0.04 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
7I, right | Δ = Consistent – Variable Reliability of tuned neurons |
Paired bootstrap | 0.01 < Δ < 0.04 |
8A, Left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00 < slope < 0.04 |
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial | |||
8A, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.01 < Δ < 0.04 |
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial | |||
8A, Left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.02 < slope < 0.01 |
y = Amplitude of activation neurons | |||
8A, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | −0.01 < Δ < 0.01 |
y = Amplitude of activation neurons | |||
8A, Left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.11 < slope < 0.22 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
8A, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.04 < Δ < 0.2 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
8A, Left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00 < slope < 0.08 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
8A, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.01 < Δ < 0.08 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
8B, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.01 < slope < 0.03 |
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial | |||
8B, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.01 < Δ < 0.03 |
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial | |||
8B, Left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.01 < slope < 0.02 |
y = Amplitude of activation neurons | |||
8B, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | −0.01 < Δ < 0.02 |
y = Amplitude of activation neurons | |||
8B, Left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.11 < slope < 0.22 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
8B, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.09 < Δ < 0.20 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
8B, Left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.00 < slope < 0.03 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
8B, Right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.00 < Δ < 0.03 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
8C, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00 < slope < 0.03 |
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial | |||
8C, right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.01 < Δ < 0.04 |
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial | |||
8C, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | −0.02 < slope < 0.01 |
y = Amplitude of activation neurons | |||
8C, right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | −0.03 < Δ < 0.01 |
y = Amplitude of activation neurons | |||
8C, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.08 < slope < 0.10 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
8C, right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.05 < Δ < 0.18 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
8C, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.01 < slope < 0.01 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
8C, right | x = Consistent or variable direction | Paired bootstrap | 0.02 < Δ < 0.00 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
9B, left | x = Consistent or variable direction | Mixed-effects model | 0.00 < slope < 0.02 |
y = Trial-to-trial population activity correlation | |||
9B, right | Δ = Consistent – Variable Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation |
Paired bootstrap | 0.00 < Δ < 0.01 |
10 A | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −0.10 < slope <−0.04 |
y = Peak population average activity | |||
10 B | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −0.28 < slope < −0.04 |
y = Fraction of active neuron per trial | |||
10 C | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −1.34 < slope < −0.42 |
y = Fraction of tuned neurons | |||
10 D | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −0.23 < slope < −0.03 |
y = Reliability of tuned neurons | |||
10 E | x = Movement consistency | Mixed-effects model | −0.18 < slope < −0.03 |
y = Trial-to-trial population activity correlation |
aTest statistics are Δ in paired bootstrap tests and the slope in mixed-effects models. Plots in Figure 4 include three statistical tests, each corresponding to comparison of inactivation effects between consistent and variable direction, comparison of behavior between inactivation and control in the consistent direction, and comparison of behavior between inactivation and control in the variable direction.