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. 2021 Aug 18;41(33):7029–7047. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3049-20.2021

Table 1.

Summary of statistical testsa

Figure Test statistics and model variables Test 95% CI
1 C Δ = Late – Early
Fraction correct choices
Paired bootstrap 0.20 < Δ < 0.28
1 D Δ = Late – Early
Target acquisition time
Paired bootstrap −0.87 < Δ < −0.46
1 F Δ = Late – Early
Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
Paired bootstrap 0.07 < Δ < 0.16
2 D Δ = Consistent – Variable
Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
Paired bootstrap 0.11 < Δ < 0.18
2 E Δ = Consistent – Variable
Target acquisition time
Paired bootstrap −0.23 < Δ < −0.02
2 F Δ = Consistent – Variable
Fraction of correct choices
Paired bootstrap 0.06 < Δ < 0.20
4B, panel 1 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.01 < slope < 0.08
y = Δ no response
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.03 < slope < 0.36
y = No response, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.01 < slope < 0.41
y = No response, variable direction
4B, panel 2 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.10 < slope < 0.09
y = Δ premature response
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model 0.07 < slope < 0.46
y = Premature response, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model 0.10 < slope < 0.41
y = Premature response, variable direction
4B, panel 3 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.11 < slope < 0.10
y = Δ no target entry
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model 0.14 < slope < 0.41
y = No target entry, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model 0.14 < slope < 0.37
y = No target entry, variable direction
4B, panel 4 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.10 < slope < 0.53
y = Δ incorrect target entry
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.06 < slope < 0.18
y = Incorrect target entry, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model 0.20 < slope < 0.54
y = Incorrect target entry, variable direction
4C, panel 1 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.65 < slope < 0.25
y = Δ reaction time
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.41 < slope < 1.33
y = Reaction time, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.11 < slope < 0.53
y = Reaction time, variable direction
4C, panel 2 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.01 < slope < 0.60
y = Δ target acquisition time
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.03 < slope < 0.43
y = Target acquisition time, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model 0.20 < slope < 1.03
y = Target acquisition time, variable direction
4C, panel 3 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.12 < slope < 0.08
y = Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.13 < slope < 0.04
y = Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.11 < slope < 0.03
y = Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation, variable direction
4C, panel 4 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.06 < slope < 1.38
y = Δ SD target acquisition time
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.10 < slope < 0.55
y = SD target acquisition time, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model 0.23 < slope < 1.88
y = SD target acquisition time, variable direction
4C, panel 5 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.35 < slope < 1.02
y = Δ path length
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.30 < slope < 0.16
y = Path length, consistent direction
x = Inactivation or Control Mixed-effects model −0.41 < slope < 0.92
y = Path length, variable direction
4D, panel 1 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ no response
Paired bootstrap −0.10 < Δ < 0.01
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction
No response
Paired bootstrap 0.01 < Δ < 0.34
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
No response
Paired bootstrap 0.20 < Δ < 0.41
4D, panel 2 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ premature response
Paired bootstrap −0.11 < Δ < 0.06
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Premature response Paired bootstrap 0.02 < Δ < 0.46
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction Premature response Paired bootstrap 0.11 < Δ < 0.44
4D, panel 3 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ no target entry
Paired bootstrap −0.09 < Δ < 0.15
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction
No target entry
Paired bootstrap 0.14 < Δ < 0.46
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
No target entry
Paired bootstrap 0.14 < Δ < 0.36
4D, panel 4 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ incorrect target entry
Paired bootstrap −0.54 < Δ < −0.06
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction Incorrect target entry Paired bootstrap −0.08 < Δ < 0.17
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
Incorrect target entry
Paired bootstrap 0.16 < Δ < 0.49
4E, panel 1 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ reaction time
Paired bootstrap −0.27 < Δ < 0.89
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction
Reaction time
Paired bootstrap −0.26 < Δ < 1.39
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
Reaction time
Paired bootstrap −0.04 < Δ < 0.91
4E, panel 2 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ target acquisition time
Paired bootstrap −0.79 < Δ < −0.11
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction
Target acquisition
Paired bootstrap −0.05< Δ < 0.58
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
Target acquisition
Paired bootstrap 0.32 < Δ < 0.96
4E, panel 3 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
Paired bootstrap −0.06 < Δ < 0.19
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction
Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
Paired bootstrap −0.13 < Δ < 0.07
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
Paired bootstrap −0.18 < Δ < 0.06
4E, panel 4 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ SD target acquisition time
Paired bootstrap −1.46 < Δ < −0.01
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction
SD target acquisition time
Paired bootstrap −0.06 < Δ < 0.85
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
SD target acquisition time
Paired bootstrap 0.37 < Δ < 1.61
4E, panel 5 Δ = Consistent – Variable
Δ path length
Paired bootstrap −0.83 < Δ < 0.37
Δ = Inactivation – Control, consistent direction
Path length
Paired bootstrap −0.35 < Δ < 0.28
Δ = Inactivation – Control, variable direction
Path length
Paired bootstrap −0.26 < Δ < 0.69
5A, panel 1 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.02 < slope < 0.12
y = Δ no response
5A, panel 2 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.13 < slope < 0.14
y = Δ premature response
5A, panel 3 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.22 < slope < 0.12
y = Δ no target entry
5A, panel 4 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.28 < slope < 0.70
y = Δ incorrect target entry
5B, panel 1 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −1.23 < slope < 0.34
y = Δ reaction time
5B, panel 2 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.20 < slope < 0.88
y = Δ target acquisition time
5B, panel 3 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.10 < slope < 0.19
y = Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
5B, panel 4 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.21 < slope < 1.93
y = Δ SD target acquisition time
5B, panel 5 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −1.00 < slope < 1.25
y = Δ path length
5C, panel 1 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.02 < slope < 0.04
y = Δ no response
5C, panel 2 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.15 < slope < 0.12
y = Δ premature response
5C, panel 3 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.08 < slope < 0.17
y = Δ no target entry
5C, panel 4 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.27 < slope < 0.40
y = Δ incorrect target entry
5D, panel 1 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.75 < slope < 0.58
y = Δ reaction time
5D, panel 2 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.05 < slope < 0.42
y = Δ target acquisition time
5D, panel 3 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.21 < slope < 0.06
y = Δ trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
5D, panel 4 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.11 < slope < 0.72
y = Δ SD target acquisition time
5D, panel 5 x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.20 < slope < 0.93
y = Δ Path length
6 A x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −2.80 < slope < −1.37
y = Δ incorrect target entry
6 B x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −3.61 < slope < −0.12
y = Δ target acquisition time
6 C x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −5.38 < slope < −1.26
y = Δ SD target acquisition time
7C, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00 < slope < 0.01
y = Peak population average activity
7C, right Δ = Consistent – Variable
Peak population average activity
Paired bootstrap 0.00 < Δ < 0.03
7D, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00 < slope < 0.01
y = Mean population average activity
7D, right Δ = Consistent – Variable
Mean population average activity
Paired bootstrap 0.00 < Δ < 0.01
7F, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00 < slope < 0.03
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial
7F, right Δ = Consistent – Variable
Fraction of active neurons per trial
Paired bootstrap 0.01 < Δ < 0.04
7G, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.02 < slope < 0.01
y = Amplitude of active neurons per active trial
7G, right Δ = Consistent – Variable
Amplitude of active neurons per active trial
Paired bootstrap −0.03 < Δ < 0.01
7H, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.12 < slope < 0.22
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
7H, right Δ = Consistent – Variable
Fraction of tuned neurons
Paired bootstrap 0.10 < Δ < 0.22
7I, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00< slope < 0.04
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
7I, right Δ = Consistent – Variable
Reliability of tuned neurons
Paired bootstrap 0.01 < Δ < 0.04
8A, Left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00 < slope < 0.04
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial
8A, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.01 < Δ < 0.04
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial
8A, Left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.02 < slope < 0.01
y = Amplitude of activation neurons
8A, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap −0.01 < Δ < 0.01
y = Amplitude of activation neurons
8A, Left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.11 < slope < 0.22
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
8A, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.04 < Δ < 0.2
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
8A, Left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00 < slope < 0.08
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
8A, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.01 < Δ < 0.08
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
8B, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.01 < slope < 0.03
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial
8B, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.01 < Δ < 0.03
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial
8B, Left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.01 < slope < 0.02
y = Amplitude of activation neurons
8B, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap −0.01 < Δ < 0.02
y = Amplitude of activation neurons
8B, Left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.11 < slope < 0.22
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
8B, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.09 < Δ < 0.20
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
8B, Left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.00 < slope < 0.03
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
8B, Right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.00 < Δ < 0.03
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
8C, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00 < slope < 0.03
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial
8C, right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.01 < Δ < 0.04
y = Fraction of active neurons per trial
8C, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model −0.02 < slope < 0.01
y = Amplitude of activation neurons
8C, right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap −0.03 < Δ < 0.01
y = Amplitude of activation neurons
8C, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.08 < slope < 0.10
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
8C, right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.05 < Δ < 0.18
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
8C, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.01 < slope < 0.01
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
8C, right x = Consistent or variable direction Paired bootstrap 0.02 < Δ < 0.00
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
9B, left x = Consistent or variable direction Mixed-effects model 0.00 < slope < 0.02
y = Trial-to-trial population activity correlation
9B, right Δ = Consistent – Variable
Trial-to-trial trajectory correlation
Paired bootstrap 0.00 < Δ < 0.01
10 A x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −0.10 < slope <−0.04
y = Peak population average activity
10 B x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −0.28 < slope < −0.04
y = Fraction of active neuron per trial
10 C x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −1.34 < slope < −0.42
y = Fraction of tuned neurons
10 D x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −0.23 < slope < −0.03
y = Reliability of tuned neurons
10 E x = Movement consistency Mixed-effects model −0.18 < slope < −0.03
y = Trial-to-trial population activity correlation

aTest statistics are Δ in paired bootstrap tests and the slope in mixed-effects models. Plots in Figure 4 include three statistical tests, each corresponding to comparison of inactivation effects between consistent and variable direction, comparison of behavior between inactivation and control in the consistent direction, and comparison of behavior between inactivation and control in the variable direction.