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. 2021 May 31;106(9):2547–2565. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab381

Table 2.

Upstream regulators identified using ingenuity pathway analysis

Upstream regulator Molecule type Activation Z-score P of overlap
FOXM1 Transcription regulator –2.23 1.71 × 10–3
VEGF Group –2.87 3.46 × 10–5
IL2 Cytokine 2.22 2.53 × 10–3
ESR1 Ligand-dependent nuclear receptor –0.57 5.08 × 10–5
ESR2 Ligand-dependent nuclear receptor 1.60 3.0 × 10–5
Beta-estradiol Hormone 0.63 3.20 × 10–3
Dexamethasone Chemical drug –3.58 1.06 × 10–10
SMAD7 Transcriptional regulator 3.10 9.22 × 10–5
ERBB3 Kinase 2.50 6.0 × 10–4
ERBB4 Kinase 2.06 8.87 × 10–5
TGFB1 Growth Factor –3.48 4.22 × 10–13

+Z-score implies activation of downstream molecular pathway in the suboptimal group