Table 1.
Demographics
| Measure | Combined Report (n= 156) | Fathers (n= 156) | Mothers (n= 156) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| M(SD)/% | Range/n | M(SD)/% | Range/n | M(SD)/% | Range/n | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Control Variables | ||||||||
| Child Gender | ||||||||
| Boy | 48% | 101 | ||||||
| Girl | 52% | 109 | ||||||
| Study Condition | ||||||||
| Mom group | 24.8% | 52 | ||||||
| Dad group | 24.8% | 52 | ||||||
| Both group | 25.7% | 54 | ||||||
| Control group | 24.8% | 52 | ||||||
| Parents’ Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 21.9% | 34 | 8.3% | 13 | ||||
| High school diploma | 23.2% | 36 | 19.2% | 30 | ||||
| Some college | 42.9% | 59 | 42.9% | 67 | ||||
| 4-year degree or greater | 29.5% | 26 | 29.5% | 46 | ||||
| Protective Factors | ||||||||
| Nurturant Parenting | 3.00 (.72) | 1.33–5.00 | 3.20 (.68) | 1.67–5.00 | ||||
| Parent-child Dyadic Synchrony | 3.13 (1.17) | 1.00–5.00 | 3.21 (1.15) | 1.00–5.00 | ||||
| Parents’ Executive Function | .47 (.16) | .16–1.00 | .43 (.12) | .19-.96 | ||||
| Optimism | 4.17 (.47) | 2.63–5.00 | 4.16 (0.52) | 2.38–5.00 | ||||
| Easygoing Temperament | 19.61 (2.51) | 8.00–25.00 | 19.81 (2.67) | 9.00–25.00 | ||||
| Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Parents’ Distress1 | .42 (.49) | 0–1.00 | .43 (.50) | 0.100 | ||||
| Social Competence | 17.23 (2.45) | 8–22 | ||||||
| Problem Behaviors | 11.63 (6.04) | 0–35 | ||||||
1
Composite variable of parenting stress and role overload. Each scale was standardized and averaged and received a score of 1 if above the mean or 0 if below the mean.