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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2021 Jul 16;128:106164. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106164

Table 3.

Regressions of Mental Health Problems on Contact with Biological Parents (N = 247)

Mental Health Outcomes Model 1
b
Model 2
b
Model 3
b
Contact Frequency
 Biological Mother −.16** −.09 −.03
 Biological Father −.17** −.10 −.19*
Covariates
 Gender −.08 −.11
 Age −.09 −.10*
 Black .01 −.05
 Other Race .00 −.03
 Hispanic −.05 −.09
 Physical Abuse −.02 −.11
 Sexual Abuse .07 .12
 Other Abuse .02 .33
 Sibling Placement −.12 −.16*
 Kinship Home −.15* −.15*
 Group Home .01 .00
Interactions
 Mother Contact x Physical Abuse .09
 Mother Contact x Sexual Abuse −.47**
 Mother Contact x Other Abuse −.14
 Father Contact x Physical Abuse .03
 Father Contact x Sexual Abuse .43**
 Father Contact x Other Abuse −.22
R2 6% 11% 21%

Note.

For race, White is the reference group. For abuse, neglect is the reference group. For placement types, foster home is the reference group.

*

p < .05

**

p < .01.