TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysisa
| Reference | Yr | Country | Setting | Pros enroll | Patient selection | Specimen condition | Digest/Decont | Sample size | Sample type(s) | NAAT | Potential risk(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boattini et al. (32) | 2020 | Italy | UHL | Yes | Convenience | Fresh | No | 113 | LRT | ELITe MGB | LRTI |
| Cercenado et al. (24) | 2012 | Spain | TCC | No | Consecutive | Fresh | No | 135 | ETA | Xpert | VAP |
| Clavel et al. (33) | 2016 | France | UHL/TCC | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh/frozen | Yes | 120 | BAL, ETA | qPCR | VAP |
| Collins et al. (34) | 2020 | USA | UHL | No | Convenience | Fresh/frozen | No | 175 | BAL | Unyvero LRT | LRTI |
| Coppens et al. (35) | 2019 | Belgium | UHL | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh/frozen | Yes | 79 | ETA | Xpert/qPCR | VAP |
| Gadsby et al. (36) | 2015 | UK | TCC | No | Consecutive | Fresh/frozen | Yes | 323 | Sputum, ETA | PCR | CAP |
| Ghodousi et al. (37) | 2020 | Iran | UHL | Yes | Convenience | Fresh/frozen | Yes | 269 | LRT | qPCR | HAP |
| Hou et al. (25) | 2018 | China | UHL/TCC | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | Yes | 1,855 | Sputum, BAL | LAMP | LRTI |
| Hu et al. (38) | 2020 | China | TCC | No | Consecutive | Fresh | Yes | 157 | Sputum | qPCR | RI |
| Huang et al. (39) | 2015 | China | UHL | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | Yes | 154 | Sputum | qPCR | HAP |
| Lee et al. (40) | 2019 | Taiwan | UHL | No | Consecutive | Fresh | No | 59 | ETA, BAL | FA-PP | LRTI |
| Mansour and Albendary (41) | 2018 | Egypt | UHL | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | No | 96 | ETA | m-PCR | VAP |
| Oh et al. (42) | 2013 | South Korea | TCC | No | Convenience | Fresh | Yes | 129 | ETA, BAL | Xpert MRSA | RTI |
| Paonessa et al. (43) | 2019 | USA | TCC | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | Yes | 247 | BAL | Xpert | Pneumonia |
| Papan et al. (44) | 2018 | Germany | TCC | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | No | 79 | BAL, ETA, PF | Unyvero | Pneumonia |
| Peiffer-Smadja et al. (45) | 2020 | France | UHL | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | No | 95 | BAL | Unyvero | HAP, VAP |
| Roisin et al. (46) | 2018 | Belgium | TCC | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | Yes | 85 | LRT | VAPchip | Pneumonia |
| Sansot et al. (47) | 2019 | France | TCC | Yes | Convenience | Fresh | No | 50 | BAL | FA-BCID | VAP |
| Tchatchouang et al. (48) | 2019 | Cameroon | TCC | Yes | Convenience | Fresh/frozen | No | 40 | BAL | RT-PCR | LRTI |
| Trevino et al. (49) | 2017 | USA | TCC | No | Consecutive | Fresh/frozen | No | 100 | LRT | Xpert | VAP |
| Tschiedel et al. (50) | 2019 | Germany | TCC | Yes | Convenience | Fresh | No | 70 | BAL | SeptiFast | RTI |
| Wang et al. (51) | 2016 | China | UHL | Yes | Consecutive | Fresh | Yes | 76 | Sputum | qLAMP | HAP |
| Webber et al. (52) | 2020 | USA | TCC | No | Consecutive | Frozen | No | 200 | LRT | FA-PP | RTI |
| Yoo et al. (53) | 2020 | South Korea | TCC | No | Convenience | Fresh/frozen | No | 100 | Sputum, ETA | FA-PP | RTI |
a
Abbreviations: BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; BCID, blood culture identification; Digest/Decont, digestion/decontamination; ETA, endotracheal aspirates; FA-PP, FilmArray pneumonia panel; HAP, health care-associated pneumonia; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infections; Pros enroll, prospective enrollment; qPCR, quantitative (real-time) PCR; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification; TCC, tertiary care center (hospital); UHL, university hospital laboratory; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.