. 2021 Aug 10;2021:3502325. doi: 10.1155/2021/3502325

Table 2.

Mean ± standard deviation of participants' dietary intakes during the study.

Outcome	Group	Time			p value
Outcome	Group	Baseline	6^th week	12^th week	p value
Calorie (kcal/day)	Melatonin	2055.72 ± 261.61^a	1586.83 ± 281.21^b	1624.58 ± 324.25^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	2112.23 ± 243.43^a	1558.47 ± 19825^b	1558.21 ± 213.33^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.49^#	0.83^##	0.92^##
Carbohydrate (g/day)	Melatonin	2267.76 ± 34.77^a	209.38 ± 39.24^b	215.00 ± 38.67^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	273.86 ± 31.18^a	201.75 ± 24.56^b	200.55 ± 27.80^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.57^#	0.94^##	0.36^##
Protein (g/day)	Melatonin	92.09 ± 11.13^a	72.69 ± 14.00^b	70.74 ± 14.58^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	94.47 ± 13.16^a	69.48 ± 10.95^b	71.21 ± 11.13^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.55^#	0.44^#	0.25^##
Fat (g/day)	Melatonin	68.94 ± 8.88^a	53.57 ± 10.87^b	53.62 ± 9.64^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	70.86 ± 7.82^a	52.24 ± 6.60^b	52.42 ± 7.10^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.48^#	0.67^##	0.89^##
Fiber (g/day)	Melatonin	15.44 ± 1.82^a	12.18 ± 1.99^b	12.60 ± 2.02^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	16.36 ± 3.01^a	12.25 ± 1.46^b	14.21 ± 7.87^b	0.001^†
	p value	0.26^#	0.89^#	0.40^##
Cholesterol (mg/day)	Melatonin	205.05 ± 69.66^a	150.37 ± 89.04^b	135.76 ± 89.64^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	187.73 ± 59.14^a	136.21 ± 77.06^b	110.56 ± 61.44^b	0.001^†
	p value	0.41^#	0.31^##	0.52^##
SFA (g/day)^∗	Melatonin	20.59 ± 3.91^a	15.79 ± 3.01^b	16.80 ± 4.15^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	19.21 ± 2.33^a	13.98 ± 2.37^b	14.16 ± 1.96^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.34^##	0.085^##	0.071^##
MUFA (g/day)	Melatonin	24.32 ± 3.58^a	20.04 ± 6.34^b	18.67 ± 4.29^b	0.001^‡
	Placebo	27.27 ± 4.55^a	17.92 ± 3.88^b	18.17 ± 4.62^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.03^#	0.22^#	0.73^#
PUFA (g/day)	Melatonin	24.03 ± 3.69^a	17.73 ± 3.01^b	18.15 ± 2.87^b	0.001^‡
	Placebo	24.38 ± 4.13^a	20.33 ± 3.18^b	20.12 ± 3.07^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.78^#	0.18^#	0.068^#

^∗SFA: saturated fatty acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid. ^a,bSimilar letter in two-sided comparisons of a row indicates no significant difference. ^†Nonparametric Friedman test. ^‡Repeated measure ANOVA. ^#Independent sample t-test. ^##Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. ^∗∗p value less than 0.05 is considered as significant.