. 2021 Aug 10;2021:3502325. doi: 10.1155/2021/3502325

Table 3.

Mean and standard deviation of the study outcomes.

Outcome	Group	Time			p value
Outcome	Group	Baseline	6^th week	12^th week	p value
Weight (kg)	Melatonin	82.54 ± 11.63^a	80.69 ± 12.16^b	80.32 ± 12.48^b	0.001^†
	Placebo	78.75 ± 9.83^a	75.73 ± 9.35^b	75.16 ± 9.53^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.35^##	0.28^##	0.24^##
BMI (kg/m²)	Melatonin	31.01 ± 2.04^a	30.29 ± 1.96^b	30.14 ± 2.03^b	0.001^‡
	Placebo	30.40 ± 1.62^a	29.24 ± 1.70^b	29.02 ± 2.05^b	0.002^‡
	p value	0.30^#	0.08^#	0.10^#
Waist circumference (cm)	Melatonin	96.47 ± 9.36^a	92.63 ± 8.90^b	90.79 ± 9.20^c	0.001^†
	Placebo	93.74 ± 9.80^a	90.16 ± 8.27^b	89.37 ± 8.17^b	0.001^‡
	p value	0.65^##	0.38^#	0.62^#
Body fat mass (%)	Melatonin	40.43 ± 5.83^a	38.95 ± 6.54^a,b	39.10 ± 5.21^b	0.196^†
	Placebo	38.21 ± 7.72^a	37.34 ± 7.56^a	37.09 ± 8.53^a	0.234^†
	p value	0.64^##	0.55^##	0.39^#
Physical activity score (met.h/day)	Melatonin	38.51 ± 6.41^a	39.75 ± 5.43^a	40.8 ± 5.59^a	0.065^†
	Placebo	39.29 ± 6.16^a	42.77 ± 6.54^b	40.64 ± 4.92^b,a	0.128^†
	p value	0.54^##	0.14^##	0.93^#
Total daily sleep (hour)	Melatonin	7.38 ± 1.29^a	7.68 ± 1.01^a	7.63 ± 1.33^a	0.229^‡
	Placebo	7.31 ± 1.13^a	7.31 ± 0.92^a	7.31 ± 0.96^a	0.172^†
	p value	0.87^#	0.21^##	0.41^#
Nocturnal saliva melatonin (pgr/mL)	Melatonin	18.7 ± 17.44	—	21.7 ± 18.07	0.629^∗
	Placebo	23.43 ± 22.35	—	16.98 ± 12.58	0.235^∗
	p value	0.579^##	—	0.620^##
Diurnal saliva melatonin (pgr/mL)	Melatonin	13.51 ± 13.71	—	17.4 ± 16.95	0.286^∗
	Placebo	15.13 ± 13.43	—	16.36 ± 15.74	0.841^∗
	p value	0.704^##	—	0.737^##
Average saliva melatonin (pgr/mL)	Melatonin	16.49 ± 13.37	—	19.55 ± 14.79	0.44^∗
	Placebo	20.03 ± 16.15	—	16.67 ± 12.19	0.63^∗
	p value	0.63^##	—	0.64^##

^a,b,cThe same letters in two-sided comparisons of a row indicate no significant difference. ^†Nonparametric Friedman test. ^‡Repeated measure ANOVA. ^#Independent sample t-test. ^##Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. ^∗Wilcoxon signed ranks test. ^∗∗p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.