Table 1.
Baseline demographic and psychosocial characteristics of Health in Pregnancy and Postpartum (HIPP) participants (N=228), January 2015 to January 2019, Columbia, South Carolina
| Characteristic a | Total (n=228), n | Total % | White (n=127; 56%) | African-American b (n=101; 44%) | p-value |
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| Age in years, % | 0.02 | ||||
| 18–24 | 39 | 17.1 | 11.0 | 24.8 | |
| 25–29 | 63 | 27.6 | 26.0 | 29.7 | |
| 30–34 | 85 | 37.3 | 43.3 | 29.7 | |
| 35–42 | 41 | 18.0 | 19.7 | 15.8 | |
| Marital Status, % | <0.0001 | ||||
| Married | 152 | 66.7 | 84.2 | 44.6 | |
| Not married | 76 | 33.3 | 15.8 | 55.4 | |
| Education level, % | 0.02 | ||||
| High school or less | 28 | 12.3 | 8.7 | 16.8 | |
| Some college | 65 | 28.5 | 24.4 | 33.7 | |
| College degree/higher | 135 | 59.2 | 66.9 | 49.5 | |
| Annual household income, % c | <0.0001 | ||||
| <$35,000 | 66 | 29.0 | 15.8 | 45.5 | |
| $35,000–$49,900 | 31 | 13.7 | 12.6 | 14.9 | |
| $50,000–$74,900 | 44 | 19.4 | 22.0 | 15.8 | |
| $75,000+ | 86 | 37.9 | 48.8 | 23.8 | |
| WIC, % | <0.0001 | ||||
| Not enrolled | 174 | 76.3 | 89.8 | 59.4 | |
| Enrolled (parent and/or child receives food) | 54 | 23.7 | 10.2 | 40.6 | |
| Parity, % | 0.89 | ||||
| Nulliparous | 98 | 43.0 | 42.5 | 43.6 | |
| Multiparous | 130 | 57.0 | 57.5 | 56.4 | |
| Pre-pregnancy weight status, %d | 0.08 | ||||
| Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 110 | 48.2 | 53.5 | 41.6 | |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 118 | 51.8 | 46.5 | 58.4 | |
| Group randomization, % | 0.79 | ||||
| Intervention | 114 | 50.0 | 51.2 | 48.5 | |
| Standard Care | 114 | 50.0 | 48.8 | 51.5 | |
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| Characteristic e , Mean ± SD | Total | White | African-American | p-value | |
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| Age (years), range 18–42 | 29.7 ± 5.1 | 30.5 ± 4.5 | 28.6 ± 5.5 | 0.005 | |
| Gestational age (weeks), range 7–20 | 12.5 ± 2.4 | 12.2 ± 2.2 | 13.0 ± 2.6 | 0.01 | |
| Perceived stressf, range 0–14 | 4.7 ± 3.2 | 4.5 ± 3.0 | 5.0 ± 3.6 | 0.23 | |
| Depressive symptomsf, range 0–20 | 5.9 ± 4.5 | 5.6 ± 4.0 | 6.4 ± 5.0 | 0.16 | |
a
The χ2 test was used to examine differences in the proportion of categorical characteristics by race.
b
Includes two participants who indicated both AA and White as their race.
c
Percentages less than 100% due to a refused response.
d
Based upon self-reported pre-pregnancy height and weight.
e
Independent samples t tests were used to test for mean differences in continuous demographic characteristics by race.
f
Higher scores = greater perceived stress or depressive symptoms. Ranges reported are ranges observed in the study sample.