Table 1.
HIV incidence among transgender women in a longitudinal cohort, São Paulo, Brazil, 2018–2020
| Variables1 | HIV− at baseline N (%) | HIV+ by 18 months | Person-years (py) of follow-up | Rate per 100 py (95% CI2) | Rate ratio3 (95% CI) | p-value4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Total | 545 (100) | 13 | 485.5 | 2.68 (1.43–4.58) | na | na |
|
| ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 204 (37.4) | 8 | 141 | 5.67 (2.45–11.18) | 3.85 (1.24–12.93) | 0.019 |
| 25 and older | 341 (62.6) | 5 | 339 | 1.47 (0.48–3.44) | ref | |
|
| ||||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Black/mixed | 389 (71.4) | 9 | 316.5 | 2.84 (1.30–5.40) | 1.16 (0.36–4.34) | 0.832 |
| White | 156 (28.6) | 4 | 163.5 | 2.45 (0.67–6.26) | ref | |
|
| ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Under 12 years | 485 (89.0) | 13 | 414 | 3.14 (167–5.37) | na | 0.146 |
| High school or more | 60 (11.0) | 0 | 66 | 0 (0–5.99) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Current living situation | ||||||
| Unstable5 | 191 (35.0) | 6 | 132.5 | 4.53 (1.67–9.86) | 2.25 (0.71–6.94) | 0.160 |
| Stable | 354 (65.0) | 7 | 348 | 2.01 (0.81–4.14) | ref | |
|
| ||||||
| Ever incarcerated | ||||||
| Yes | 107 (19.6) | 1 | 90 | 1.11 (0.03–6.19) | 0.36 (0.02–211) | 0.343 |
| No | 438 (80.4) | 12 | 394 | 3.05 (1.57–5.32) | ref | |
|
| ||||||
| Sex work last month | ||||||
| Yes | 256 (47.1) | 10 | 173 | 5.78 (2.77–10.63) | 5.90 (1.71–26.62) | 0.004 |
| No | 288 (52.9) | 2 | 306 | 098 (0.20–2.87) | ref | |
1.
Categories and person-years do not always add to total due to missing data
2.
Poisson distribution, 97.5% one-sided if point estimate is 0
3.
Conditional maximum likelihood ratio
4.
Mid-P exact, 2-tailed
5.
Homeless, shelter, transient, temporary housing