Table 3.
Spatial Regression Models Associating PM2.5 Exposure with Incident Dementia and Incident MCI
| Incident Dementia | Incident MCI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI HR | HR | 95% CI HR | |
| Model 1: Single-Year PM2.5 | ||||
| PM2.5 Single-Year Average | 1.669 | (1.298,2.136) | 1.746 | (1.518,2.032) |
| Age (in years) | 1.132 | (1.094,1.170) | 1.092 | (1.073,1.111) |
| Female Sex | 0.809 | (0.507,1.239) | 1.212 | (0.942,1.575) |
| Ever Smoked | 0.884 | (0.567,1.376) | 0.878 | (0.699,1.098) |
| High School Education | 0.597 | (0.369,0.974) | 0.739 | (0.538,1.009) |
| >High School Education | 0.586 | (0.335,1.003) | 0.525 | (0.368,0.751) |
| Model 2: Five-Year PM2.5 | ||||
| PM2.5 Five-Year Average | 2.082 | (1.528, 3.015) | 3.419 | (2.806, 4.164) |
| Age (in years) | 1.133 | (1.095, 1.175) | 1.102 | (1.079, 1.126) |
| Female Sex | 0.805 | (0.530, 1.278) | 1.228 | (0.950, 1.639) |
| Ever Smoked | 0.885 | (0.564, 1.382) | 0.888 | (0.675, 1.148) |
| High School Education | 0.614 | (0.341, 1.048) | 0.721 | (0.502, 1.015) |
| >High School Education | 0.618 | (0.344, 1.096) | 0.521 | (0.348, 0.758) |
Note: PM2.5 = Fine Particulate Matter; MCI=Mild Cognitive Impairment; HR=Hazard Ratio; CI=Credible Interval. Incident Dementia and MCI outcomes were modeled separately.
PM2.5 estimates correspond to a 1 μg/m3 increase.