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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 19.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Apr 1;70:57–66. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.005

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of tryptophan deprivation.

Low intracellular (ic) tryptophan (Trp) levels can mediate pro-tumorigenic (blue background) and anti-tumorigenic effects (green background). Mechanisms described in glioma models are highlighted in black letters, mechanisms described in other systems are highlighted in gray. Abbreviations: GCN2: general control non-derepressible-2, p-eIF2α: phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, ATF4: activating transcription factor 4, WARS: tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, IFN-γ: interferon-gamma.