Table 2.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of general symptoms
| General symptom | No. of studies | DOR (95% CI)/I2 (%) | Sensitivity (95% CI)/I2 (%) | Specificity (95% CI)/I2 (%) | AUC | NPV (95% CI)/I2 (%) | PPV (95% CI)/I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cough | 24 | 0.98 (0.73–1.32)/91.5 | 0.59 (0.54–0.64)/89.7 | 0.39 (0.30–0.48)/99.2 | 0.50 | 0.69 (0.55–0.80)/99.2 | 0.29 (0.20–0.39)/98.8 |
| Diarrhea | 19 | 1.34 (1.09–1.66)/67.4 | 0.17 (0.11–0.25)/97.2 | 0.85 (0.78–0.90)/98.9 | 0.51 | 0.71 (0.60–0.80)/99.3 | 0.31 (0.21–0.43)/97.1 |
| Dyspnea | 17 | 1.12 (0.78–1.61)/87.6 | 0.18 (0.13–0.24)/92.0 | 0.84 (0.76–0.90)/99.0 | 0.39 | 0.74 (0.59–0.85)/99.6 | 0.25 (0.13–0.42)/98.4 |
| Fatigue | 12 | 1.67 (1.20–2.34)/89.8 | 0.35 (0.25–0.46)/96.9 | 0.76 (0.61–0.86)/99.6 | 0.52 | 0.75 (0.61–0.84)/99.3 | 0.35 (0.19–0.55)/99.2 |
| Fever | 22 | 2.22 (1.43–3.44)/95.8 | 0.60 (0.47–0.73)/98.5 | 0.55 (0.38–0.71)/99.7 | 0.62 | 0.81 (0.70–0.88)/99.4 | 0.33 (0.25–0.43)/98.1 |
| Headache | 15 | 1.48 (0.98–2.22)/77.2 | 0.36 (0.21–0.53)/96.5 | 0.74 (0.58–0.86)/99.1 | 0.57 | 0.74 (0.55–0.87)/98.6 | 0.35 (0.20–0.53)/97.4 |
| Myalgia | 12 | 2.09 (1.20–3.64)/90.1 | 0.48 (0.33–0.64)/95.3 | 0.68 (0.55–0.79)/98.3 | 0.61 | 0.82 (0.67–0.91)/98.3 | 0.29 (0.19–0.42)/95.7 |
DOR, diagnostic odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AUC, area under the curve; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.