. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Surg. 2021 Feb 19;56(12):2318–2325. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.019

Table 3.

Long-term outcomes for 358 children that were evaluated at both 5 and 11 years old.

Outcome, N (%)	5-year-old cohort N=358	11-year-old cohort N=358	Percentage Point Change^* (95% CI)	p-value^**
Behavioral Disorders	87 (24.3)	166 (46.4)	22.1 (19.1–25.1)	<0.0001
Communication Deficits	46 (12.9)	65 (18.2)	5.3 (3.5–7.0)	<0.0001
Developmental Delays	172 (48.0)	197 (55.0)	7.0 (4.7–8.9)	<0.0001
Epilepsy	132 (36.9)	143 (39.9)	3.0 (1.7–4.4)	0.0026
Learning Disorders	162 (45.3)	190 (53.1)	7.8 (5.7–9.8)	<0.0001
Motor Deficits	119 (33.2)	139 (38.8)	5.6 (4.0–7.3)	<0.0001
Visual Impairment	79 (22.1)	124 (34.6)	12.5 (9.9–15.1)	<0.0001
Any of the above	241 (67.3)	292 (81.6)	14.3 (11.6–17.1)	<0.0001

Difference in long-term outcomes at 5 and 11years old.

^**

McNemar’s test for correlated proportions. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval.