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CD8 T cell differentiation pathway. (A) CD8 T cell are activated through MHC I by dendritic cells (DCs) with CD4 “help” via IL-2 and IL-21 secretion. This results in the development of CD8 effector T cells that can cause cytolysis. (B) Chronic antigen exposure and lack of appropriate support from T helpers result in exhausted CD8 T cells without effector function to remove tumor cells.
