Table 2.
Reduction in Cardiac Imaging Volume by Diagnostic Test and Facility Characteristics
| U.S. Regions |
Worldwide |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Midwest | Northeast | South | West | p Value† | U.S. | Non-U.S. | p Value† | |
| Reduction in total procedures | ||||||||
| March 2019–March 2020 | 41 | 44 | 29 | 48 | 0.069 | 39 | 43 | 0.803 |
| March 2020–April 2020 | 56 | 58 | 47 | −7 | <0.001 | 47 | 35 | 0.470 |
| March 2019–April 2020 | 74 | 76 | 62 | 44 | <0.001 | 68 | 63 | 0.237 |
| By diagnostic test∗ | ||||||||
| Stress ECG | 85 | 91 | 81 | 61 | 0.050 | 85 | 84 | 0.426 |
| Stress echocardiography | 82 | 90 | 73 | 67 | 0.038 | 81 | 83 | 0.551 |
| Stress SPECT | 77 | 87 | 69 | 47 | <0.001 | 75 | 74 | 0.062 |
| Stress PET | 78 | 77 | 65 | 30 | 0.143 | 58 | 51 | 0.021 |
| Stress CMR | 78 | 97 | 62 | 58 | 0.642 | 84 | 69 | 0.786 |
| CT coronary calcium | 97 | 95 | 93 | 83 | 0.743 | 94 | 60 | 0.366 |
| CT coronary angiography | 60 | 82 | 72 | 48 | 0.045 | 71 | 52 | 0.753 |
| TTE | 68 | 69 | 54 | 36 | 0.037 | 61 | 58 | 0.492 |
| TEE | 86 | 83 | 69 | 71 | 0.057 | 80 | 73 | 0.114 |
| PET cardiac infection | 0 | 88 | 78 | 42 | 0.186 | 80 | 58 | 0.957 |
| CMR | 75 | 78 | 73 | 50 | 0.111 | 72 | 62 | 0.422 |
| All noninvasive testing | 74 | 76 | 62 | 44 | <0.001 | 68 | 64 | 0.118 |
| Invasive coronary angiography | 77 | 75 | 63 | 41 | 0.013 | 69 | 53 | <0.001 |
| By facility characteristic∗ | ||||||||
| Type of facility | ||||||||
| Inpatient | 74 | 76 | 63 | 45 | <0.001 | 69 | 60 | 0.176 |
| Outpatient | 54 | 87 | 54 | 40 | 0.043 | 59 | 78 | 0.674 |
| Teaching status | ||||||||
| Teaching | 74 | 75 | 61 | 46 | 0.002 | 68 | 60 | 0.187 |
| Nonteaching | 74 | 83 | 65 | 39 | 0.038 | 66 | 72 | 0.874 |
| Redeployment during pandemic | ||||||||
| Redeployed | 86 | 84 | 72 | 42 | 0.003 | 76 | 62 | 0.810 |
| Not redeployed | 71 | 74 | 54 | 44 | 0.012 | 65 | 63 | 0.045 |
| Changes in staffing | ||||||||
| Furloughed or laid off staff | 75 | 81 | 58 | 48 | 0.049 | 69 | 75 | 0.020 |
| No changes | 73 | 74 | 65 | 42 | 0.004 | 67 | 60 | 0.932 |
| Telehealth services for patient care | ||||||||
| Increased use | 75 | 76 | 64 | 44 | <0.001 | 69 | 64 | 0.135 |
| No change in use | 43 | 77 | 43 | – | 0.108 | 46 | 58 | 0.470 |
Values are %, unless otherwise indicated.
CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; ECG = electrocardiogram; PET = positron emission tomography; SPECT = single-photon emission computed tomography; TEE = transesophageal echocardiogram; TTE = transthoracic echocardiogram; U.S. = United States.
∗
Percentage reductions were calculated as the cumulative reduction of all procedures in each category from March 2019 to April 2020.
†
The p values were calculated by comparing the distributions of percentage reductions of individual laboratories for each category.