TABLE 4.
Clinical and EEG microstate data in early- and late-onset AD and age-matched controls.
| HC | AD | ||||
|
|
|
||||
| Younger (1) n = 18 | Older (2) n = 6 | EOAD (3) n = 30 | LOAD (4) n = 9 | ||
| Age (mean, range) | 54 (44–64) | 71 (68–74) | 55 (41–64) | 69 (65–75) | |
| Gender (M:F) | 10:8 | 4:2 | 11:19 | 5:4 | PEOAD–LOAD = 0.398 |
| Disease course (mean, range, /y) | 3.4 (0.25–13.0) | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | PEOAD–LOAD = 0.844 | ||
| AChEI | 16:14 | 3:6 | PEOAD–LOAD = 0.451 | ||
| MMSE (mean, range | 12 (1–25) | 14 (3–27) | PEOAD–LOAD = 0.493 | ||
| MoCA (mean, range) | 13 (8–21) | 11 (6–15) | PEOAD–LOAD = 0.831 | ||
| ADL (mean, range) | 33 (20–50) | 35 (22–54) | PEOAD–LOAD = 0.524 | ||
| Visual EEG score | 0 (n = 13) 1 (n = 3) 2 (n = 14) | 0 (n = 5) 1 (n = 2) 2 (n = 2) | PEOAD–LOAD = 0.327 | ||
|
| |||||
| Duration/ms (Std) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ANOVA (3,59) |
|
| |||||
| A | 64.7 (9.1) | 64.9 (6.7) | 70.3 (6.9) | 64.9 (6.7) | F = 2.913 p = 0.042 |
| B | 64.6 (8.1) | 66.45 (5.3) | 75.7 (10.7) | 64.9 (10.6) | F = 7.042 p < 0.001 P1–3 = 0.001, P3–4 = 0.024 |
| C | 66.8 (9.7) | 86.0 (28.6) | 78.3 (13.9) | 63.5 (10.5) | F = 3.322 p = 0.026 |
| D | 63.0 (14.3) | 64.8 (17.9) | 77.5 (21.8) | 65.7 (12.5) | F = 2.999 p = 0.038 P1–3 = 0.043 |
| Mean duration | 66.9 (5.8) | 74.1 (14.4) | 77.8 (9.3) | 66.0 (7.9) | F = 7.401 p < 0.001 P1–3 = 0.001, P3–4 = 0.005 |
|
| |||||
| Occurrence/s (Std) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ANOVA (3,59) |
|
| |||||
| A | 3.82 (0.64) | 3.52 (1.23) | 3.18 (0.57) | 4.19 (0.73) | F = 6.899 p < 0.001 P1–3 = 0.008, P3–4 = 0.002 |
| B | 3.95 (0.79) | 3.72 (0.96) | 3.35 (0.47) | 3.99 (0.43) | F = 4.316 p = 0.008 P1–3 = 0.032 |
| C | 4.31 (0.72) | 4.47 (0.54) | 3.62 (0.71) | 3.79 (0.70) | F = 4.961 p = 0.004 P1–3 = 0.005 |
| D | 3.38 (0.65) | 2.75 (0.38) | 3.21 (0.76) | 3.75 (0.59) | F = 1.746 p = 0.167 |
| Mean occurrence | 3.87 (0.31) | 3.61 (0.59) | 3.34 (0.36) | 3.93 (0.46) | F = 9.435 p < 0.001 P1–3 < 0.001, P3–4 = 0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Coverage (Std) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ANOVA (3,59) |
|
| |||||
| A | 0.25 (0.06) | 0.22 (0.07) | 0.22 (0.04) | 0.26 (0.04) | F = 3.2 p = 0.030 |
| B | 0.25 (0.07) | 0.25 (0.06) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.25 (0.04) | F = 0.16 p = 0.923 |
| C | 0.28 (0.07) | 0.35 (0.07) | 0.28 (0.07) | 0.24 (0.05) | F = 1.867 p = 0.145 |
| D | 0.22 (0.08) | 0.18 (0.06) | 0.25 (0.11) | 0.24 (0.06) | F = 0.999 p = 0.400 |
| PPS (Std) | 22 (1.4) | 21 (2.7) | 18 (1.7) | 21 (2.6) | F = 21.441 p < 0.001 P1–3 < 0.001, P3–4 = 0.003 |
HC, healthy controls; EOAD, early-onset Alzheimer disease; LOAD, late-onset Alzheimer disease; PPS, global field power peaks per second.