TABLE 1.
Table to show the lactulose:rhamnose ratio (L:R), trial duration, and recorded resting, peak, and change in physiological and perceptual variables during exercising in hot conditions (Ex‐Heat) and passive heating during hot water immersion (HWI) trials (n = 6)
| Ex‐Heat | HWI | Ex‐Heat – HWI difference | Pearson's correlation versus L:R | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L:R | 0.15 ± 0.13* | 0.03 ± 0.02 | +0.13 ± 0.12 | — |
| Duration (min) | 44.1 ± 7.8 | 56.0 ± 16.6 | −11.9 ± 13.5 | r = −0.502 |
| WBSL (L) | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | r = −0.320 |
| TCORE rest (℃) | 37.04 ± 0.19 | 36.99 ± 0.28 | +0.05 ± 0.26 | r = 0.092 |
| TCORE peak (℃) | 39.30 ± 0.20^ | 39.32 ± 0.19^ | −0.02 ± 0.22 | r = −0.396 |
| ∆TCORE (℃) | 2.26 ± 0.17 | 2.33 ± 0.19 | −0.07 ± 0.24 | r = −0.539 |
| HR rest (b.min−1) | 60 ± 9 | 62 ± 12 | −2 ± 8 | r = 0.015 |
| HR peak (b.min−1) | 168 ± 10* , ^ | 110 ± 11^ | +58 ± 18 | r = 0.626 # |
| ∆HR (b.min−1) | 107 ± 9* | 48 ± 9 | +60 ± 15 | r = 0.615 # |
| RPE rest | 6 ± 0 | 6 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | r = 0.000 |
| RPE peak | 16 ± 2* , ^ | 6 ± 5^ | +13 ± 5 | r = 0.407 |
| ∆RPE | 10 ± 2* | 0 ± 5 | 9 ± 5 | r = 0.407 |
| TS rest | 4.0 ± 0.0 | 4.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.4 | r = −0.073 |
| TS peak | 7.3 ± 1.3^ | 7.5 ± 0.8^ | 0.0 ± 0.6 | r = 0.018 |
| ∆TS | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | −0.3 ± 0.7 | r = 0.046 |
| TC rest | 1 ± 0 | 1 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | r = 0.000 |
| TC peak | 5 ± 1^ | 6 ± 1^ | −1 ± 1 | r = −0.341 |
| ∆TC | 4 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | −1 ± 1 | r = −0.341 |
| GPSS rest | 0 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 0 ± 2 | r = −0.236 |
| GPSS peak | 3 ± 6* | 1 ± 3 | +3 ± 3 | r = 0.250 |
| ∆GPSS | 3 ± 6 | 0 ± 2 | 3 ± 5 | r = 0.298 |
Data are mean ± SD except RPE, TS, TC, and GPSS, reported as median ± IQR.
Abbreviations: ∆TCORE, change in core body temperature; GPSS, gut permeability symptom scale; HR, heart rate; RPE, rating of perceived exertion; TC, thermal comfort; TCORE, core body temperature; TS, thermal sensation; WBSL, whole‐body sweat loss.
*
Significant difference from HWI (p < 0.05).
^
Significant difference overall from rest (p < 0.05).
#
Significant relationship with L:R (p < 0.05).