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. 2021 Aug 5;15:706079. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.706079

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Copyright © 2021 Herrero, Wang, Hernandez-Pineda, Banerjee, Matos, Goodrich, Panigrahi, Smith and Corbin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Increased maternal aggression in Foxp2^+/– mice. An intruder C57BL/6J male was introduced for 15 min to the home-cage of either a lactating Foxp2^+/– or ctr female mice after removal of pups. Female Foxp2^+/– mice displayed a decreased number and duration of nips (A,C), but no change in the latency of nips compared to control (B). In contrast, the number and latency of attacks was significantly increased (D,E) with no change in the duration of attacks (F). Trials were repeated two times separated by at least 1 week (Foxp2^+/– n = 10, ctr n = 12). p* ≤ 0.05; p** ≤ 0.01.