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. 2021 Jun 28;11(4):174–186. doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.318863

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Copyright: © 2021 Medical Gas Research

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A diagram explaining the differences in the manifestation of Pavlovian conditioning during a course of procedures using a neutral substance against the expectations of the patient (placebo effect, on the left) and the substance that affects the patient’s homeostasis (adaptogen substance, on the right).

Note: ACEG: Hormonal activity of the central endocrine glands (hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland); APEG: hormonal activity of the peripheral glands (thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, genital. The arrows indicate the direction of the causal relationship of the activity of the endocrine glands. ACEG > APEG from central to peripheral: the arrow pointing down, and APEG > ACEG from peripheral to the central: the arrow pointing up.