Table 3.
Clinical and Ophthalmologic Assessment of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy of Different Grades
| Variables | Mild NPDR | Moderate NPDR | Severe NPDR | PDR | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | Mean ± SD | 57.7 ± 6.1 | 57.3 ± 10.4 | 63.4 ± 8.1 | 65.8 ± 10.9ab | 0.018 |
| Sex | Female | 15 (68.2) | 22 (81.5) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (50.0) | 0.25 |
| Male | 7 (31.8) | 5 (18.5) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (50.0) | ||
| Hypertension | Negative | 9 (40.39) | 10 (27.0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0.06 |
| Positive | 13 (59.1) | 17 (63.0) | 11 (91.7) | 11 (91.7) | ||
| Disease duration (year) | Mean ± SD | 10.4 ± 4.4 | 15.4 ± 5.2a | 17.6 ± 7.7a | 26.4 ± 7.1abc | <0.001 |
| Hypoglycemic drug | Oral | 19 (86.4) | 17 (63.0) | 5 (41.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0.001 |
| Insulin | 3 (13.6) | 10 (37.0) | 7 (58.3) | 10 (83.3) | ||
| HbA1c (%) | Mean ± SD | 9.1 ± 2.4 | 9 ± 2.3 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | 9.2 ± 2.3 | 0.68 |
| Pre-CMT | Mean ± SD | 441.9 ± 182.3 | 417 ± 129.7 | 376 ± 105 | 399.7 ± 115.3 | 0.68 |
| Post-CMT | Mean ± SD | 330.6 ± 96.9 | 345.6 ± 121.9 | 291.6 ± 53.8 | 354.6 ± 132.8 | 0.49 |
| CMT change | Mean ± SD | −111.3 ± 151.3 | −71.5 ± 88.3 | −84.4 ± 80 | −45.1 ± 82.1 | 0.33 |
| Pre-BCVA | Mean ± SD | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 a | 0.8 ± 0.1abc | <0.001 |
| Post-BCVA | Mean ± SD | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2abc | <0.001 |
| BCVA change | Mean ± SD | −0.1 ± 0.2 | −0.2 ± 0.1 | −0.3 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.17 |
| Treatment response | Improved | 16 (72.7) | 22 (81.5) | 10 (83.3) | 9 (75.0) | 0.84 |
| Deteriorated | 6 (27.3) | 5 (18.5) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (25.0) |
Notes:aCompared to mild NPDR, bCompared to moderate NPDR, cCompared to severe NPDR. Chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests were used, followed by Tukey post hoc comparison test. Bold values indicate significance at P-value < 0.05. Treatment response: improved after one month of Aflibercept IV injection classified by change of CMT.
Abbreviations: NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; HBA1c, glycated hemoglobin; Pre, pre-treatment with aflibercept; Post, posttreatment with aflibercept; CMT, central macular thickness; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity assessed by the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.