Table 7.
Association Between Genotypes and Drug Response Phenotype
| Gene | Model | Genotypes | Improved (n=57) | Deteriorated (n=16) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TUG1 | Codominant | G/G | 30 (52.6%) | 4 (25%) | 1.00 | 0.006 |
| A/G | 21 (36.8%) | 6 (37.5%) | 5.49 (0.88–34.16) | |||
| A/A | 6 (10.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | 25.10 (2.53–249.44) | |||
| Dominant | G/G | 30 (52.6%) | 4 (25%) | 1.00 | 0.006 | |
| A/G-A/A | 27 (47.4%) | 12 (75%) | 8.18 (1.48–45.29) | |||
| Recessive | G/G-A/G | 51 (89.5%) | 10 (62.5%) | 1.00 | 0.012 | |
| A/A | 6 (10.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | 8.81 (1.49–52.06) | |||
| Overdominant | G/G-A/A | 36 (63.2%) | 10 (62.5%) | 1.00 | 0.52 | |
| A/G | 21 (36.8%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.54 (0.41–5.79) | |||
| Log-additive | – | – | – | 5.02 (1.60–15.76) | 0.001 | |
| MIAT | Codominant | T/T | 26 (45.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1.00 | 0.026 |
| C/T | 14 (24.6%) | 10 (62.5%) | 10.23 (1.51–69.15) | |||
| C/C | 17 (29.8%) | 3 (18.8%) | 2.69 (0.34–21.23) | |||
| Dominant | T/T | 26 (45.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1.00 | 0.026 | |
| T/C-C/C | 31 (54.4%) | 13 (81.2%) | 5.95 (1.04–34.23) | |||
| Recessive | T/T-T/C | 40 (70.2%) | 13 (81.2%) | 1.00 | 0.66 | |
| C/C | 17 (29.8%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.71 (0.15–3.41) | |||
| Overdominant | T/T-C/C | 43 (75.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.00 | 0.011 | |
| T/C | 14 (24.6%) | 10 (62.5%) | 6.26 (1.41–27.80) | |||
| Log-additive | – | – | – | 1.58 (0.66–3.77) | 0.29 | |
| MALAT1 | Codominant | C/C | 27 (47.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.00 | 0.9 |
| C/T | 20 (35.1%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.17 (0.24–5.72) | |||
| T/T | 10 (17.5%) | 4 (25%) | 1.52 (0.25–9.25) | |||
| Dominant | C/C | 27 (47.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.00 | 0.73 | |
| C/T-T/T | 30 (52.6%) | 10 (62.5%) | 1.29 (0.31–5.40) | |||
| Recessive | C/C-C/T | 47 (82.5%) | 12 (75%) | 1.00 | 0.68 | |
| T/T | 10 (17.5%) | 4 (25%) | 1.41 (0.28–7.00) | |||
| Overdominant | C/C-T/T | 37 (64.9%) | 10 (62.5%) | 1.00 | 1 | |
| C/T | 20 (35.1%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.00 (0.24–4.12) | |||
| Log-additive | – | – | – | 1.23 (0.50–3.02) | 0.65 | |
| SENCR | Codominant | C/C | 19 (33.3%) | 4 (25%) | 1.00 | 0.69 |
| C/T | 26 (45.6%) | 9 (56.2%) | 1.90 (0.39–9.20) | |||
| T/T | 12 (21.1%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1.21 (0.17–8.41) | |||
| Dominant | C/C | 19 (33.3%) | 4 (25%) | 1.00 | 0.5 | |
| C/T-T/T | 38 (66.7%) | 12 (75%) | 1.66 (0.37–7.48) | |||
| Recessive | C/C-C/T | 45 (79%) | 13 (81.2%) | 1.00 | 0.77 | |
| T/T | 12 (21.1%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.79 (0.16–3.94) | |||
| Overdominant | C/C-T/T | 31 (54.4%) | 7 (43.8%) | 1.00 | 0.4 | |
| C/T | 26 (45.6%) | 9 (56.2%) | 1.75 (0.48–6.42) | |||
| Log-additive | – | – | – | 1.12 (0.45–2.78) | 0.8 |
Notes: Adjusted OR by age, sex, disease duration, hypoglycemic treatment, hypertension, grade of retinopathy, and HbA1c. *Adjusted OR (95% confidence interval; CI) for multiple genetic association models were calculated using SNPStats (https://www.snpstats.net/start.htm). Bold values indicate significance at P-value < 0.05.