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. 2021 Jun 14;167(6):001029. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.001029

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© 2021 The Authors

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Fig. 8. — A model of vesicle or vacuole acidification. In YPD culture, VPH1 is not transcribed and is not related with the formation of acidic vesicles during the cell growth. Therefore, a paralog of the STV1 in S. cerevisiae may be present. CAP64 is highly transcribed and seems to activate the paralog of the Stv1 protein, forming acidic vesicles. The acidification of vesicles regulates vesicle migration and membrane fusion, and the acidic vesicles containing some extracellularly secreted proteins fuse to the cell membrane via an action of SAV1. Some of the acidic vesicles fuse to the vacuole membrane to lyse unnecessary proteins. In asparagine medium, VPH1 is highly transcribed and vacuoles are acidified. Because VPH1 expression is up-regulated due to CAP64 disruption, CAP64 may suppress VPH1 expression. Some acidified vacuoles might change to vesicles from which extracellular proteins such as laccase are secreted. Disruption of CAP64 does not affect SAV1 expression but activates laccase secretion. These findings suggest that the Sav1p homologue may be present and may be associated with laccase secretion [16].