Table 2. Out-of-Pocket Spending by Coinsurance Percentage and Timing of Search, 2015-2016^a.

Spending	Percentage of coinsurance and timing of search
	1%-5% (n = 15 687)			6%-10% (n = 30 361)			≥11% (n = 47 458)
	Never	Early	Late	Never	Early	Late	Never	Early	Late
Mean out-of-pocket spending, $	623.66	681.96	766.46	1446.45	1529.12	1573.09	2486.97	2560.36	2592.16
% Change in out-of-pocket spending (95% CI)	0 [Reference]	6.8 (1.1-12.8)	14.5 (6.6-22.9)	0 [Reference]	4.3 (2.4-6.1)	5.8 (3.4-8.3)	0 [Reference]	2.4 (1.3-3.5)	2.9 (1.3-4.6)
Mean difference (95% CI), $	0 [Reference]	42.35 (6.64- 80.08)	90.38 (41.43-142.94)	0 [Reference]	61.74 (35.39-88.57)	83.75 (48.93-119.38)	0 [Reference]	59.57 (33.44- 85.96)	73.33 (32.04-115.29)
P valueb		<.001	<.001		<.001	<.001		<.001	<.001

^aModel results are from linear regression models as described in the Methods section. Delivery episodes with missing values for area median income were excluded from the analysis. Likelihood ratio tests failed to reject the null hypothesis that the coefficients on early and late searchers were equal. The percentage change in out-of-pocket spending was calculated by exponentiating the coefficient from the model and converting it into a percentage; the dollar change multiplied that percentage by the mean out-of-pocket spending in the never searcher group.

^bP values were relative to the reference category (never searcher).