Table 5.
Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in 2826 patients: Clinico-radiological features
| Features | n=2826 patients (%) |
|---|---|
| Stage, n=2669 | |
| 1a | 5 (0.2) |
| 1b | 10 (0.4) |
| 1c | 16 (0.6) |
| 1d | 3 (0.1) |
| 2a | 63 (2.4) |
| 2b | 196 (7.3) |
| 2c | 247 (9.3) |
| 2d | 212 (7.9) |
| 3a | 234 (8.8) |
| 3b | 316 (12) |
| 3c | 724 (27) |
| 3d | 70 (2.6) |
| 4a | 161 (6.0) |
| 4b | 99 (3.7) |
| 4c | 237 (8.9) |
| 4d | 76 (2.8) |
| Laterality of paranasal sinus involvement, n=2669 | |
| No involvement | 34 (1.3) |
| Unilateral | 1585 (59) |
| Bilateral | 1050 (40) |
| Predominant paranasal sinus involvement (radiological), n=2428* | |
| Maxilla | 767 (32) |
| Ethmoid | 512 (21) |
| Sphenoid | 85 (3.5) |
| Frontal | 13 (0.5) |
| Diffuse | 1413 (58%) |
| Laterality of orbital involvement, n=2669 | |
| No involvement | 752 (28) |
| Unilateral | 1687 (63) |
| Bilateral | 230 (8.6) |
| Predominant orbital involvement (radiological), n=1731** | |
| Medial | 469 (27) |
| Superior | 86 (5) |
| Inferior | 221 (13) |
| Apical | 371 (21) |
| Diffuse | 674 (40) |
| Laterality of central nervous system involvement, n=2669 | |
| No involvement | 2096 (79) |
| Unilateral | 440 (16) |
| Bilateral | 133 (5.0) |
| Predominant central nervous system involvement (radiological), n=539# | |
| Cavernous sinus thrombosis/invasion | 285 (53) |
| Internal carotid artery stenosis/occlusion | 95 (18) |
| Temporal lobe abscess | 66 (12) |
| Frontal lobe abscess | 15 (2.8) |
| Skull base osteomyelitis | 38 (7.1) |
| Route of central nervous system involvement (radiological), n=430## | |
| Cavernous sinus | 299 (70) |
| Cribriform plate | 93 (22) |
| Pterygopalatine fossa | 53 (12) |
| Nasal ulcer/eschar, n=2826 | 1348 (48) |
| Nasal discharge, n=2826 | 1022 (36) |
| Periocular/facial edema, n=2826 | 1731 (61) |
| Periocular/facial discoloration, n=2826 | 526 (19) |
| Periocular hypaesthesia,n=2826 | 561 (20) |
| Ptosis, n=2826 | 1519 (54) |
| Ophthalmoplegia, n=2826 | 1459 (52) |
| Involvement of other cranial nerves, n=1720 | 391 (23) |
| Proptosis, n=2826 | 1081 (38) |
| Mean amount of proptosis (median, range), mm | 3.1 (3, 1-8) |
| Loss of vision, n=2826 | 1779 (63) |
*The sum of numbers in the column is greater than 2428 as many individuals had more than one paranasal sinus involvement. **The sum of numbers in the column is greater than 1731 as many individuals had more than one quadrant involvement. #The sum of numbers in the column is greater than 539 as many individuals had more than one central nervous system structure involvement. ##The sum of numbers in the column is greater than 430 as many individuals had more than one route of central nervous system spread