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. 2021 Aug 5;12:668494. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668494

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Copyright © 2021 Farag, Makkouk and Norian

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Murine models reveal multiple pro-tumorigenic changes to anti-tumor immunity with host obesity. Pre-clinical tumor modeling provides evidence that host obesity is associated with a net increase in pro-tumorigenic changes to immune responses, although obesity-associated alterations that favor tumor clearance and/or enhanced ICI efficacy have been described. DCs, dendritic cells; FAO, fatty acid oxidation; FFAs, free fatty acids; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IL-1, interleukin-1; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; NK, natural killer; PD-1, programmed cell death-1; PHD3, prolylhydroxylase-3; PMNs, polymorphonuclear cells a.k.a. neutrophils; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; TME, tumor microenvironment.