Figure 3:

Composite image shows how changes to the femoral (top-left) and tibial (top-right) tunnel locations alter the frontal and sagittal plane angles of the ACL graft. Each dot in the four scatter plots represents the tunnel location in one of the 500 virtual ACLR models. The color of each dot indicates the resulting ACL graft angles measured with the knee in full extension, given the femoral and tibial tunnel locations of that virtual ACLR model. From these scatter plots it is evident that femoral tunnel location does not systematically affect frontal plane angle of the graft. Femoral tunnel location does have a systematic effect on sagittal plane angle of the graft with a more posterior-inferior femoral tunnel resulting in a less vertical graft in the sagittal plane and a more anterior-superior femoral tunnel resulting in a more vertical graft in the sagittal plane. Tibial tunnel location systematically affects both frontal and sagittal plane angle of the graft.