Table 1.
Summary of studies that were reviewed in this manuscript.
| Name | 1Type of editing | Max # edited loci | Maximum # heterologous genes integrated | Total size of genes integrated | Editing efficiency | Genes/pathways integrated | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRISPRm (HDV ribozyme) | Deletion (integration) | 3 (1) | 1 | ~1.5 kb | 20% (85%) | Cellobiose utilization | Ryan et al., 2014 |
| HI-CRISPR (Direct repeats) | Deletion | 3 | – | 100 bp | 30–85% | – | Bao et al., 2015 |
| Csy4 | Deletion | 4 | – | 120 bp | 96% | – | Ferreira et al., 2018 |
| GTR-CRISPR (tRNA) | Deletion | 8 | – | 120 bp | 87% | – | Zhang et al., 2019 |
| Mans et al. | Deletion (integration) | 6 (2) | 6 | ~15 kb | 65% (95%) | Acetyl-CoA biosynthesis | Mans et al., 2015 |
| Modular gRNA | Deletion (integration) | 3 (3) | 11 | ~24 kb | 64% (4.2%) | Muconic acid biosynthesis | Horwitz et al., 2015 |
| Jakočiūnas et al. | Deletion | 4 | – | ~500 bp | 100% | – | Jakočiūnas et al., 2015b |
| CasEMBLR | Integration | 3 | 3 | ~18 kb | 31% | β-carotene biosynthesis | Jakočiūnas et al., 2015a |
| CrEdit | Integration | 3 | 3 | ~18 kb | 84% | β-carotene biosynthesis | Ronda et al., 2015 |
| EasyClone-MarkerFree | Integration | 3 | 6 | ~15 kb | 70% | Acetyl-CoA biosynthesis | Jessop-Fabre et al., 2016 |
| Di-CRISPR (delta integration) | Integration | 18 (and 10) δ sites | 2 (3) | 16 kb (24 kb) | 95% (85%) | Butadienol biosynthesis and xylose utilization | Shi et al., 2016 |
| CRITGI | Integration | 12 Ty sites | 1 | ~5 kb | 75% | Pyruvate decarboxylase biosynthesis | Hanasaki and Masumoto, 2019 |
| CMGE | Integration | 10 rDNA sites | 1 | ~1.5 kb | 46% | GFP expression | Wang et al., 2018 |
| mCAL | Integration | 3 | 3 | ~4 kb | 100% | HIS3, CDC11, and SHS1 | Finnigan and Thorner, 2016 |
| Wicket | Integration | 3; 6; 9; 12 | 3 | ~18 kb | 95%; 50%; 50%; 10% | β-carotene biosynthesis | Hou et al., 2018 |
| Landing pads | Integration | 4 | 1 | ~2 kb | 80% | Norcoclaurine biosynthesis | Bourgeois et al., 2018 |
| SGM-CRISPR | Integration | 6 | 6 | ~15 kb | 40% | Kauniolide biosynthesis | Baek et al., 2021 |
| PCR & Go | Integration | 5 | 5 | ~6 kb | 70% | Astaxanthin biosynthesis | Qi et al., 2021 |
| Promiscuous gRNA | Deletion | 2 | – | 120 bp | 100% | – | Ferreira et al., 2017 |
1
Type of editing refers to if the study showed gene deletion (donor DNA is non-functional DNA) or gene integration (donor DNA is functional heterologous DNA).