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. 2021 May 29;3(3):fcab121. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab121

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© The Author(s) (2021). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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CSF catecholamine levels in hip fracture patients with and without pre-fracture dementia. (A) Hip fracture patients with pre-fracture dementia (n = 60) did compared to those with no pre-fracture dementia (n = 58) not have statistically significant lower CSF noradrenaline levels (P = 0.17) but had significantly lower CSF levels of (B) adrenaline and (C) dopamine. Larger and smaller lines represent median and interquartile range respectively. Two-tailed P-values are obtained by Mann–Whitney U-test.