Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics by arm and total (n = 80)
| MT+ n = 40 |
MT n = 40 |
Total n = 80 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | |||
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 54.06 ± 8.15 | 54.35 ± 9.10 | 54.20 ± 8.59 |
| Clinical Characteristics | |||
| Weight, kg, mean ± SD | 116.5 ± 19.56 | 111.63 ± 22.45 | 114.07 ± 21.07 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 36.1 ± 6.43 | 35.79 ± 6.16 | 35.59 ± 6.91 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 133.9 ± 11.69 | 134.7 ± 14.53 | 134.34 ± 13.11 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 81.69 ± 8.44 | 78.81 ± 10.48 | 80.25 ± 9.56 |
| Pulse, beats per minute, mean ± SD | 72.54 ± 12.09 | 68.3 ± 8.64 | 70.42 ± 10.66 |
| BMI Classifications, kg/m2 | |||
| Overweight (25 to < 30) | 6 (15.0%) | 8 (20.0%) | 14 (17.5%) |
| Obesity Class 1 (30 to < 35) | 13 (32.5%) | 14 (35.0%) | 27 (33.8%) |
| Obesity Class 2 (35 to < 40) | 16 (40.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | 27 (33.8%) |
| Obesity Class 3 (40 or higher) | 5 (12.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | 12 (15.0%) |
| Fluctuation of Weight in a Given Year | |||
| n = 78 (39, 39) | |||
| Weight, kg, mean ± SD | 4.01 ± 2.59 | 4.07 ± 2.97 | 4.04 ± 2.77 |
| Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors | |||
| Water intake, fluid ounce/day, mean ± SD | 36.9 ± 17.05 | 36.7 ± 14.60 | 36.8 ± 15.78 |
| SSB intake, fluid ounce/day, mean ± SD | 9.28 ± 14.16 | 8.70 ± 13.10 | 8.99 ± 13.56 |
| Fruits/Veg, serving/day, mean ± SD | 2.15 ± 1.88 | 2.36 ± 1.35 | 2.26 ± 1.63 |
| Activity, steps/day, mean ± SD, n = 76 (38, 38) | 6235.85 ± 3772.65 | 6459.66 ± 3049.22 | 6347.75 ± 3408.98 |
| Distance from Fresh Produce (Fruits/Veg) | |||
| Less than 5 miles | 27 (67.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | 48 (60%) |
| 5–10 miles | 9 (22.5%) | 8 (20%) | 17 (21.3%) |
| 10–20 miles | 2 (5%) | 9 (2.5%) | 11 (13.8%) |
| 20–30 miles | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (2.5%) |
| Greater than 30 miles | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (2.5%) |
| Race | |||
| White | 40 (100%) | 38 (95%) | 78 (97.5%) |
| Black or African American | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| Asian | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 39 (97.5%) | 39 (97.5%) | 78 (97.5%) |
| Unknown | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (2.5%) |
| Marital Status,n = 79 (39, 40) | |||
| Single | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (3.8%) |
| Married | 34 (87.2%) | 36 (90%) | 70 (88.6%) |
| Widowed | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| Divorced | 3 (7.7%) | 2 (5%) | 5 (6.3%) |
| Highest Level of Education | |||
| High school graduate/GED | 3 (7.5%) | 3 (7.5%) | 6 (7.5%) |
| Some college but no degree | 4 (10%) | 9 (22.5%) | 13 (16.3%) |
| Associates degree | 6 (15%) | 8 (20%) | 14 (17.5%) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 17 (42.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | 24 (30%) |
| Master’s degree | 9 (22.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 18 (22.5%) |
| Doctoral degree | 1 (2.5%) | 4 (10%) | 5 (6.3%) |
| 2018 Household Income before Taxes | |||
| n = 78 (40, 38) | |||
| Under $20,000 | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| $20,000–$39,000 | 3 (7.5%) | 3 (7.9%) | 6 (7.7%) |
| $40,000–$59,000 | 3 (7.5%) | 4 (10.5%) | 7 (9%) |
| $60,000–$79,000 | 6 (15%) | 10 (26.3%) | 16 (20.5%) |
| $80,000–$99,000 | 11 (27.5%) | 8 (21.1%) | 19 (24.4%) |
| $100,000 or more | 16 (40%) | 13 (34.2%) | 29 (37.2%) |
| Employed | |||
| Yes | 38 (95%) | 34 (85%) | 72 (90%) |
| No | 2 (5%) | 6 (15%) | 8 (10%) |
| Household Size including Participant | |||
| One | 5 (12.5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 6 (7.5%) |
| Two | 18 (45%) | 17 (42.5%) | 35 (43.8%) |
| Three or more | 17 (42.5%) | 22 (55%) | 39 (48.9%) |
| Health Insurance | |||
| Government | |||
| Marketplace (ACA) | 2 (5%) | 1 (2.5%) | 3 (3.8%) |
| Veterans Affairs or Military | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 4 (5%) |
| Medicare | 2 (5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 7 (8.8%) |
| Private | |||
| Health Maintenance Organization | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| Private Insurance Company | 34 (85%) | 34 (85%) | 68 (85%) |
| Unsure/Unknown | |||
| Don’t Know/Not Sure | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| None | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (1.3%) |
| Distance from Primary Care Provider | |||
| n = 78 (38, 40) | |||
| Less than 5 miles | 21 (55.3%) | 19 (47.5%) | 40 (51.3%) |
| 5–10 miles | 9 (23.7%) | 4 (10%) | 13 (16.7%) |
| 10–20 miles | 4 (10.5%) | 6 (15%) | 10 (12.8%) |
| 20–30 miles | 3 (7.9%) | 9 (22.5%) | 12 (15.4%) |
| Greater than 30 miles | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (3.8%) |
| Last Time Seen by a Healthcare Provider | |||
| Less than a week | 1 (2.5%) | 4 (10%) | 5 (6.3%) |
| 2–3 weeks | 4 (10%) | 3 (7.5%) | 7 (8.8%) |
| 1–3 months | 6 (15%) | 9 (22.5%) | 15 (18.8%) |
| 3–6 months | 11 (27.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 20 (25%) |
| 6–12 months | 8 (20%) | 6 (15%) | 14 (17.5%) |
| Over a year | 9 (22.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 18 (22.5%) |
| Unknown | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.3%) |
Note:
a. Abbreviations: ACA Affordable Care Act; BMI body mass index; BP blood pressure; kg kilogram; MT+ mobile technology plus intervention; MT basic mobile technology; SD standard deviation; SSB sweetened sugar beverages; Veg vegetables
b. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001
c. n = 80 unless specified as n = # of total (# of MT+, # of MT)