Table. 2.

Characteristics of included studies

Study, Year	Country	Study Setting	Study Design	Duration	Sample Size		Age Range	Sex (of ADHD cohort)	Identification Method		Outcomes Reported	Fracture Types Reported
					ADHD Group	Control Group		Male	ADHD	Fracture
Brehaut, 2003[9]	Canada	British Columbia (BC) Linked Health Dataset (BCLHD) and the BC Triplicate Prescription Program	Cohort (retro-spective)	7 years	16,806	1,010,067	0–19 years	81.6 %	Methylphenidate prescription	ICD-9-CM	Fractures; Open wounds; Poisoning/toxic effect; Intracranial; Concussion; Burns	Overall
Chou, 2014[43]	Taiwan	Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID)	Cohort (retro-spective)	11 years	3,640	14,560	0–18 years	79.0 %	ICD-9-CM		Fractures	Skull, neck, ribs, and spine; Upper limb; Lower limb
Jacob, 2017[45]	Germany	Disease Analyzer database (IMS Health)	Nested case-control	6 years	27,880		6–17 years	76.5 %	ICD-10	ICD-10	Fractures	Forearm; Wrist and hand; Shoulder and upper arm; Foot and toe (except ankle); Lower leg (including ankle); Skull and face; Other
Raman, 2013[46]	United Kingdom	The Health Improvement Network (THIN)	Self-controlled case series	15.5 years	4,234		1–18 years		Read clinical classification system identification AND methylphenidate or dexamphetamine prescription	Read clinical classification system identification	Fractures; Intracranial; Traumatic complications; Sprains and strains; Superficial injury; Contusion; Open wound; Poisoning; Crushing injury; Foreign body in orifice; Burns; Other	Upper limb; Lower limb; Skull
van den Ban, 2013[44]	Nether-lands	PHARMO record linkage system (RLS)	Cohort (retro-spective)	11 years	1,289	7,332	0–18 years	79.8 %	Methylphenidate and atomextine prescription		Injuries or poisoning; Fractures; Intracranial; Open wounds	Overall