Table 3.
A multilevel analysis of factors associated with delayed first ANC visit among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, data from 2016 EDHS
| Explanatory variable | Model – 2 | Model – 3 | Model- 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR, [95% CI] | AOR, [95% CI] | AOR, [95% CI] | ||
| Age category | 15–24 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| 25–34 | 0.71[0.57, 0.85]* | – | 0.86[0.63,1.01] | |
| 35–49 | 0.70[0.55, 0.91] | – | 0.79[0.62,1.02] | |
| Maternal education | Not educated | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Educated | 0.68[0.57, 0.81]** | – | 0.71[0.60,0.84]*** | |
| Marital status | merried | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Not merried | 0.92[0.68, 1.22] | – | 0.98[0.73,1.31] | |
| Head of houshold | male | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| female | 0.78[0.62, 0.96]* | – | 0.81[0.65,1.01] | |
| Parity | Prim-pareous | – | 1.00 | |
| Multi- pareous | 1.24[1.00, 1.50]* | – | 1.18[0.96,1.44] | |
| Wanted pregnancy | wanted | – | 1.00 | |
| unwanted | 1.43[1.06, 1.93]* | – | 1.41[1.04,1.89]* | |
| Wealth index | poor | 1.16[0.95,1.44] | – | 0.97[0.78,1.21] |
| middle | 1.06[0.87,1.31] | – | 0.89[0.72, 1.11] | |
| rich | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
| Media exposure | No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.81[0.68, 0.95]* | – | 0.88[0.75,1.05] | |
| Household size | 1–4 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| 5–19 | 0.12[0.94,1.32] | – | 1.06[0.90,1.25] | |
| Distance from health facilities | Big problem | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Not Big problem | 1.01[0.85, 1.18] | – | 1.15[0.97,1.36] | |
| Community level factors | ||||
| Residence | urban | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| rural | – | 1.94 [1.41, 2.67]*** | 1.68 [1.19, 2.38]* | |
| Region | Tigray | – | 1.79[1.07, 3.01]* | 1.67[0.99,2.83] |
| Afar | – | 1.89[0.78,4.56] | 1.67[0.68, 4.11] | |
| Amhara | – | 1.49 [0.91,2.44] | 1.26 [0.77, 2.11] | |
| Oromia | – | 2.46 [1.50, 4.04]*** | 2.33 [1.41,3.86]* | |
| Somalia | – | 2.29 [1.20, 4.39]* | 1.92 [0.99, 3.73 | |
| B/gumiz | – | 3.26 [1.43, 7.46]* | 3.09 [1.34, 7.15]* | |
| SNNPR | – | 3.58 [2.15, 5.93]*** | 3.38 [2.01, 5.67]*** | |
| Gambella | – | 1.49 [0.46, 4.89] | 1.47 [0.44, 4.84] | |
| Harare | – | 0.81 [0.23, 2.82] | 0.71 [0.19, 2.52] | |
| Dire dewa | – | 0.49 [0.19,1.29] | 0.46 [0.17, 1.23] | |
| Addis ababa | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Com.poverty | low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| high | 1.00 | 1.19[0.77,1.85] | 1.21[0.77,1.89] | |
| Com. Media | low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| high | 1.00 | 0.99 [0.64, 1.52] | 0.92 [0.59, 1.45] | |
* = P-value < 0.05, ** = P value < 0.01, *** = P value < 0.001
AOR adjusted odds ratio; Com. Media community media usage
CI confidence interval; Com. Poverty community poverty status