Table 1.
Functional characterization of H19 in digestive system tumors.
| Tumor types | Expression | Role | Function role | miRNAs | Related genes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esophageal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and metastasis | let-7c | STAT3/EZH2/Catenin | 28 |
| Esophageal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, migration, and stemness | miR-22-3p | WNT1 | 29 |
| Gastric cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis | miR-675 | CALN1 | 20 |
| Gastric cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation | miR-675 | RUNX1 | 37 |
| Gastric cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and invasion | miR-675 | RUNX1 | 38 |
| Gastric cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and apoptosis | miR-675 | FADD | 39 |
| Gastric cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and invasion | miR-141 | ZEB1 | 40 |
| Gastric cancer | upregulation | oncogene | / | let-7c | HER2 | 41 |
| Gastric cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT | miR-22-3p | Snail1 | 42 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation | miR-675 | RB | 44 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | EMT | miR-138/200a | ZEB1/ZEB2 | 45 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | migration and invasion | / | RAS-MAPK | 48 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | migration, invasion, and EMT | / | hnRNPA2B1/Raf-1/ERK | 50 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation | miR-200a | β-Catenin | 51 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | motility, EMT, invasion, and migration | miR-29b-3p | PGRN | 52 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | invasion, migration, and EMT | miR-194-5p | FoxM1 | 53 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | EMT and metastasis | miR-22-3p | MMP14 | 54 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | migration and invasion | miR-138 | HMGA1 | 55 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | apoptosis | miR-141 | β-Catenin | 56 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and migration | miR-675-5p | VDR | 57 |
| Colorectal cancer | upregulation | oncogene | autophagy | miR-194-5p | SIRT1 | 11 |
| Hepatocellular cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT | miR-22 | / | 60 |
| Hepatocellular cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, migration, and invasion | miR-326 | TWIST1 | 61 |
| Hepatocellular cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis | miR-15b | CDC42/PAK1 | 62 |
| Hepatocellular cancer | upregulation | oncogene | migration and invasion | miR-193b | MAPK1 | 63 |
| Hepatocellular cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis | miR-520a-3p | LIMK1 | 64 |
| Gallbladder cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and invasion | miR-194-5p | AKT2 | 69 |
| Gallbladder cancer | upregulation | oncogene | invasion and proliferation | miR-342-3p | FOXM1 | 71 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | upregulation | oncogene | migration and invasion | let-7a/b | IL-6 | 72 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | upregulation | oncogene | migration and invasion | miR-372/373 | CXCR4 | 73 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, migration, and invasion | miR-612 | BCL-2 | 74 |
| Pancreatic cancer | upregulation | oncogene | migration, invasion, and EMT | let-7 | HMGA2 | 76 |
| Pancreatic cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and apoptosis | / | E2F1 | 77 |
| Pancreatic cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation | miR-675 | E2F1 | 78 |
| Pancreatic cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation and invasion | miR-194 | PFTK1 | 81 |
| Pancreatic cancer | upregulation | oncogene | migration, invasion, and EMT | miR-675-3p | SOCS5/STAT3 | 82 |
| Pancreatic cancer | upregulation | oncogene | proliferation, migration, and invasion | / | VGF/PI3K/AKT/CREB | 83 |