| Progressive | Not progressive | More progressive | Not more progressive | Most progressive | Not most progressive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Female | 0.344* (1.853) | 0.854*** (3.785) | 0.074 (0.339) | 0.883*** (4.490) | −0.038 (−0.141) | 0.827*** (4.874) |
| 2008 cohort | 0.243 (1.148) | 0.312 (1.394) | 0.277 (1.099) | 0.327* (1.695) | −0.107 (−0.327) | 0.411** (2.441) |
| Hispanic | −0.083 (−0.217) | −0.056 (−0.143) | −0.664* (−1.668) | 0.139 (0.359) | −1.360*** (−2.953) | 0.313 (0.925) |
| Black | −0.370 (−1.234) | −0.298 (−0.792) | −0.270 (−0.769) | −0.450 (−1.483) | −0.330 (−0.760) | −0.440 (−1.634) |
| Other race | −0.179 (−0.507) | −0.444 (−1.188) | 0.278 (0.672) | −0.603* (−1.867) | 0.406 (0.816) | −0.424 (−1.446) |
| Age | 0.022 (0.405) | 0.177*** (3.165) | 0.079 (1.252) | 0.092* (1.843) | 0.164** (2.077) | 0.055 (1.238) |
| Age squared | −0.001 (−0.947) | −0.002*** (−3.670) | −0.001* (−1.730) | −0.001** (−2.416) | −0.002** (−2.382) | −0.001* (−1.956) |
| Some college | 0.158 (0.722) | −0.017 (−0.074) | −0.077 (−0.298) | 0.201 (1.013) | −0.169 (−0.481) | 0.133 (0.750) |
| College degree | 0.670*** (2.695) | 0.069 (0.247) | 0.482 (1.631) | 0.392 (1.632) | −0.029 (−0.076) | 0.531** (2.493) |
| Advanced degree | 0.981*** (3.271) | 0.317 (0.962) | 0.821** (2.400) | 0.705** (2.399) | 0.267 (0.587) | 0.885*** (3.442) |
| Children | 0.096 (0.548) | 0.106 (0.825) | 0.151 (0.612) | 0.095 (0.831) | 0.200 (0.631) | 0.077 (0.712) |
| Age of youngest | 0.008 (0.479) | −0.011 (−0.648) | 0.012 (0.649) | −0.007 (−0.504) | 0.008 (0.331) | −0.002 (−0.169) |
| Log chore time | 0.084 (1.302) | −0.004 (−0.053) | 0.093 (1.192) | 0.022 (0.355) | 0.204* (1.929) | 0.003 (0.060) |
| Log childcare time | −0.006 (−0.100) | −0.056 (−1.057) | −0.032 (−0.406) | −0.041 (−0.900) | −0.082 (−0.823) | −0.015 (−0.360) |
| Exp. spousal inc. | −0.122 (−0.580) | −0.217 (−0.566) | −0.120 (−0.571) | −0.253 (−0.838) | 0.025 (0.112) | −0.283 (−1.097) |
| Spouse works | 0.018 (0.088) | 0.330 (1.257) | 0.055 (0.236) | 0.228 (1.013) | −0.080 (−0.278) | 0.238 (1.212) |
| Spouse prefers not | 0.407 (0.775) | 0.322 (0.992) | 0.493 (1.202) | 0.296 (0.820) | 0.749 (1.373) | 0.316 (0.940) |
| Spouse is unable | 0.533 (1.237) | 0.841** (2.391) | 0.235 (0.467) | 0.945*** (2.765) | 0.052 (0.078) | 0.975*** (3.210) |
| Pension | −0.153 (−0.792) | −0.054 (−0.257) | −0.182 (−0.801) | −0.101 (−0.558) | −0.027 (−0.089) | −0.155 (−0.974) |
| Health insurance | −0.812** (−2.557) | 0.370 (1.089) | −0.368 (−1.010) | −0.167 (−0.584) | −0.541 (−1.154) | −0.158 (−0.614) |
| Vacation days | 0.066 (0.251) | 0.235 (0.853) | −0.051 (−0.165) | 0.259 (1.062) | −0.446 (−1.110) | 0.325 (1.506) |
| Paid time off | −0.332 (−1.576) | 0.009 (0.041) | −0.181 (−0.744) | −0.172 (−0.843) | 0.063 (0.194) | −0.255 (−1.449) |
| Easy time off | −1.810*** (−9.957) | −2.119*** (−10.885) | −1.935*** (−9.445) | −1.981*** (−11.241) | −2.196*** (−8.597) | −1.918*** (−12.448) |
| Flex time | −0.319* (−1.932) | −0.209 (−1.110) | −0.292 (−1.528) | −0.235 (−1.449) | −0.552** (−2.268) | −0.265* (−1.862) |
| Union member | −0.197 (−0.828) | 0.044 (0.176) | −0.248 (−0.887) | −0.075 (−0.337) | −0.606 (−1.573) | 0.020 (0.104) |
| Tenure | 0.054* (1.660) | 0.008 (0.262) | 0.030 (0.752) | 0.038 (1.385) | 0.064 (1.231) | 0.038 (1.527) |
| Tenure squared | −0.001 (−1.255) | 4.45 × 10−5 (0.044) | −3.98 × 10−4 (−0.312) | −0.001 (−0.981) | −0.002 (−1.071) | −0.001 (−0.864) |
| Usual weekly hours | 0.071*** (5.939) | 0.052*** (3.859) | 0.064*** (4.880) | 0.054*** (4.692) | 0.060*** (3.309) | 0.057*** (5.694) |
| Log hourly wage | 0.246* (1.853) | −0.097 (−0.681) | 0.268* (1.840) | −0.049 (−0.364) | 0.377* (1.747) | 0.011 (0.098) |
| Private sector | −0.393 (−1.575) | −0.162 (−0.653) | −0.724** (−2.358) | −0.006 (−0.029) | −0.854** (−2.137) | −0.114 (−0.602) |
| Risk of layoff | 1.277*** (6.446) | 1.156*** (5.613) | 1.283*** (5.724) | 1.213*** (6.523) | 1.337*** (4.647) | 1.208*** (7.330) |
| High female prop. | 0.174 (0.600) | 0.564 (1.559) | 0.018 (0.056) | 0.605* (1.907) | −0.182 (−0.469) | 0.467* (1.717) |
| Occupations (14) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industries (12) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Regions (10) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 8.773*** (3.958) | 6.212*** (3.404) | 8.084*** (3.063) | 7.768*** (4.985) | 3.655 (1.353) | 9.602*** (6.027) |
| Observations | 2428 | 1745 | 1729 | 2444 | 1037 | 3136 |
| R-squared | 0.185 | 0.228 | 0.217 | 0.196 | 0.256 | 0.189 |
The groups labeled “Not” in the above categories reflect the portion of the sample that does not belong to that category. The “Not more progressive” segment, for example, represents the portion of the sample that is not “more progressive”. Each column incorporates survey weights in the estimations. Heteroskedasticity robust standard errors are used throughout. T-statistics are in parentheses
Asterisk, double asterisks and triple asterisks reflect statistical significance at the 10, 5 and 1% levels respectively