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. 2021 Apr 21;88(3):291–316. doi: 10.1177/00243639211005121

Table 18.

Estimated Economic Impact of Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) due to Increased Prevalence of Depression.

Women aged fifteen to thirty-nine 51,877,977
Percent with depression 10.1 percent
Women aged fifteen to thirty-nine with depression 5,239,675.68
Ever use of COCs 79.30 percent
Fifteen to thirty-nine years old COC users with depression 4,155,063
Relative risk (95 percent confidence interval) of depression with COC use 1.1 (1.08–1.14)
Adjusted estimate 3,777,330
Excess cases 377,733
Estimated individual annual costs US$6,390
Estimated total annual costs US$2,413,713,761