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. 2021 Apr 21;88(3):291–316. doi: 10.1177/00243639211005121

Table 3.

Estimated Economic Impact of Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) due to Increased Prevalence of Breast Cancer.

Prevalent cases of breast cancer Ever use of COCs Breast cancer ever users
3,577,264 79.3 percent 2,836,770
Adjusted estimate of cases if no use of COCs 2,383,841 1.19 (1.14–1.26) Relative risk (95 percent confidence interval)
Excess cases 452,930
Annual cost per patient with breast cancer US$22,127
Estimated total costs US$10,021,975,916