TABLE 1.

Mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics in experimental models of DKD.

Mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics in experimental models of DKD
Mitochondrial-targeted agent	Pathway or Category	Major Findings	References
Empagliflozin	AMPK/SP1/PGAM5 pathway	Alleviated mitochondrial fission	Khaminets et al., 2016
Berberine	Mitochondrial dysfunction pathway	Inhibited mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction	Kazlauskaite et al., 2014
Mdivi1	Inhibitor of Drp1	Alleviated mitochondrial fission and rescued key pathologic features of DKD	Kaushik and Cuervo, 2018
MitoQ	Nrf2/PINK1 pathway	Inhibited DRP1, promoted MFN2: restored mitophagy	Puigserver et al., 1998
SRT1720	SIRTl-PGC-1α axis	Induced mitochondrial biogenesis	Youle and van der Bliek, 2012
Resveratrol	AMPK-SIRTl-PGC-1α axis	Induced mitochondrial biogenesis	Zhan et al., 2018
rPGRN	PGRN-Sirt1-PGC-1α/FoxO1	Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy	Zhan et al., 2015
TEPP-46	A small-molecule PKM2 activator	Induced mitochondrial biogenesis	Zhong et al., 2018
SS-31	A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide	Reduced glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion and decreased apoptosis	Zhou et al., 2019
Fenofibrate	PPARα modulator	Restored mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation	Zhu et al., 2013