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. 2021 Aug 5;15:673369. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.673369

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Copyright © 2021 Juan, Nguyen, Liang, Quinn, Chen, Muggleton, Yeh, Woolrich, Nobre and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The HHS contrast (top panels) and PAC contrast (bottom panels) of SSVEPs between testing conditions (3 Hz sinusoidal flicker, AM flicker and PAC flicker) and baseline condition (no flicker). The red area within the black contour indicates areas with significant t-values (p < 0.05, df = 9, two-tailed, CBnPP test) of the contrast. The amplitudes of 3 Hz amplitude modulation residing in alpha/beta (8-20 Hz) rhythm are significantly increased.