TABLE 5.

GRADE Summary of Findings and Certainty of Evidence

Outcomes	Study Limitations	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Certainty of Evidence	Comments
Recurrence–free survival RBCT <no transfusion	Observational: serious	Inconsistent	Direct	Imprecise	Very low	All observational studies had serious risk of bias, thus findings were downgraded to very low for study limitations. Findings were rated up for consistency and rated down for imprecision.
Disease–specific survival RBCT <no transfusion	Observational: serious	Inconsistent	Direct	Imprecise	Very low
Overall survival RBCT <no transfusion	Observational: serious	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	Very low

Perioperative packed red blood cell transfusion compared to no transfusion following pancreatic cancer surgery

Population: adults with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatectomy.

Setting: inpatient

Intervention: red blood cell transfusion

Comparison: no transfusion

RBCT indicates red blood cell transfusion