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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021 Jul 12;50(3):369–385. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.002

Table 2.

Diabetes and prediabetes screening recommendations from major professional organizations in the United States

Organization American Diabetes Association (ADA). US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Endocrine Society
Screening Criteria
  1. Overweight or obese adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 or ≥23 kg/m2 in Asian Americans) with ≥ 1 risk factor:
    • 1st degree relative with diabetes
    • High-risk race/ethnicity (e.g., African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander)
    • History of CVD
    • Hypertension
    • HDL-cholesterol <35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride >250 mg/dL
    • PCOS
    • Physical inactivity
    • Other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (e.g., severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans)

  2. Patients with prediabetes

  3. Women with prior diagnosis of GDM

  4. For all other patients, testing should begin at age 45 years

  1. Adults aged 40 to 70 who are overweight or obese

  2. Consider screening earlier in persons with ≥ 1 risk factor:
    • Family history of diabetes
    • History of GDM or PCOS
    • Racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, American Indians or Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, Hispanics or Latinos, or Native Hawaiins or Pacific Islanders)
  1. Adults aged 40–75 years, screen for all 5 components of metabolic risk:
    • Elevated blood pressure
    • Increased waist circumference
    • Elevated fasting triglycerides
    • Low HDL-cholesterol
    • Elevated glycemia
Screening Tests

  1. Fasting plasma glucose

  2. 75-g OGTT

  3. Hemoglobin A1c

  1. Fasting plasma glucose

  2. 75-g OGTT

  3. Hemoglobin A1c

  1. Fasting plasma glucose

  2. 75-g OGTT

  3. Hemoglobin A1c
Re-screening Intervals

  1. Patients with prediabetes should be tested annually.

  2. Women with prior diagnosis of GDM should have lifelong testing at least every 3 years

  3. For all other patients, re-screen at a minimum of 3-year intervals, with consideration of more frequent testing depending on initial results and risk status.

 Every 3 years

  1. Patientswith prediabetes should be tested at least annually

  2. If do not yet have atherosclerotic CVD or T2DM and already have ≥ 1 risk factor, screen every 3 years

BMI: body mass index, CVD: cardiovascular disease, GDM: gestational diabetes, HDL: high density lipoprotein, OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test