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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mod Pathol. 2020 Jul 23;33(12):2544–2563. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0629-6

Table 3.

Genes somatically targeted in pancreatic cancer.

Gene Chromosome Gene type Type of alteration Percentage of cancers with alteration Implications for pathologists/clinicians
KRAS 12p Onc IM, rarely amplified 95
CDKN2A 9p TSG HD, LOH + IM, Meth 95
TP53 17p TSG LOH + IM 75
SMAD4 18q TSG HD, LOH + IM 55 IHC can be used to determine if a lesion is likely to be a metastasis from a pancreatic primary
ARID1A 1p TSG IM + LOH 3
RNF43 17q TSG IM + LOH <10 IPMN associated PDAC
GNAS Onc IM <5 IPMN associated PDAC
TGFβR2 3p TSG IM + LOH, HD <5
TGFβR1 9q TSG HD <1
FBXW7 4q TSG LOH + IM 3
MYC 8p Onc Amp 5–10 Potentially therapeutically targetable
GATA6 18q Onc AMP <5 Tend to have a “classical” pattern of RNA expression.
ERBB2 17p Onc Amp + IM 1 Therapeutically targetable
BRAF 7q Onc IM, deletion <5 Potentially therapeutically targetable
AKT2 19q Onc Amp <5
ATM 11q TSG IM + LOH 1–5 Potentially therapeutically targetable
BRCA2 13q TSG IM + LOH 1–5 Therapeutically targetable
MLH1 3p MMR IM LOH, Meth 1 Immune checkpoint inhibitors
NRG1 Fusions <5 Therapeutic target of KRAS wild-type PDAC
KDM6A X TSG IM + LOH 3
STK11 19p TSG IM + LOH 1
RB1 13q TSG IM + LOH 1–2
ACVR1β 12q TSG HD, LOH + IM <1
ACVR2 2q TSG HD, LOH + IM <1
ROBO2 3p TSG LOH 1–2
PIK3CA 3q Onc 1–3 Potentially therapeutically targetable
CCNE1 19p Onc Amp <1
NTRK1 1q Onc Fusion <1 Potentially therapeutically targetable
CDK4 12q Onc Amp <1 Potentially therapeutically targetable
CDK6 7q Onc Amp <1 Potentially therapeutically targetable
FGFR1 8p Onc Amp <1 Potentially therapeutically targetable

AMP amplification, HD homozygous deletion, IG intragenic, IHC immunohistochemical labeling, LOH loss of heterozygosity, Meth aberrant methylation, MMR DNA mismatch repair, Onc oncogene, Repair DNA repair gene, TSG tumor suppressor gene.