Table 1.
The weighted distribution of neonatal, infant and under-five child mortality by background characteristics, EDHS 2016
| Variable | Neonatal mortality | P value | Infant mortality | P value | Under-five Mortality | P value | |||
| No (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | Yes (%) | ||||
| Maternal age at the birth of the index child (in years) | |||||||||
| ≤19 | 291 (3.2) | 17 (5.8) | 0.021 | 283 (3.1) | 25 (6.5) | 0.065 | 280 (3.1) | 28 (6.0) | 0.068 |
| 20–24 | 1950 (23.4) | 52 (18.8) | 1896 (23.2) | 106 (23.7) | 1877 (23.3) | 125 (23.0) | |||
| 25–29 | 2587 (30.8) | 67 (26.0) | 2536 (30.8) | 118 (27.6) | 2516 (30.8) | 138 (27.4) | |||
| 30–34 | 1836 (22.7) | 59 (22.6) | 1802 (22.9) | 93 (21.0) | 1781 (22.7) | 114 (22.9) | |||
| ≥35 | 1533 (19.9) | 56 (26.8) | 1515 (20.0) | 74 (21.2) | 1500 (20.1) | 89 (20.7) | |||
| Maternal education | |||||||||
| Uneducated | 5890 (73.9) | 182 (75.0) | 0.859 | 5759 (73.8) | 313 (75.9) | 0.157 | 5694 (73.9) | 378 (75.5) | 0.027 |
| Primary | 1744 (22.0) | 54 (19.7) | 1715 (22.0) | 83 (20.8) | 1704 (22.0) | 94 (21.1) | |||
| Secondary+ | 563 (4.1) | 15 (5.3) | 558 (4.2) | 20 (3.3) | 556 (4.1) | 22 (3.4) | |||
| Maternal occupation | |||||||||
| Not employed | 5935 (72.9) | 178 (74.6) | 0.604 | 5807 (72.9) | 306 (73.2) | 0.575 | 5747 (72.9) | 366 (73.6) | 0.376 |
| Employed | 2267 (27.1) | 73 (25.4) | 2225 (27.1) | 110 (26.8) | 2207 (27.1) | 128 (26.4) | |||
| Husband education | |||||||||
| Uneducated | 4186 (49.9) | 145 (53.2) | 0.092 | 4104 (50.0) | 227 (50.1) | 0.346 | 4057 (50.0) | 274 (49.0) | 0.154 |
| Primary | 2482 (37.3) | 69 (34.6) | 2437 (37.3) | 114 (36.2) | 2416 (37.3) | 135 (37.1) | |||
| Secondary+ | 1529 (12.8) | 37 (12.2) | 1491 (12.7) | 75 (13.7) | 1481 (12.7) | 85 (13.9) | |||
| Husband occupation | |||||||||
| Not employed | 873 (7.7) | 22 (6.6) | 0.339 | 846 (7.6) | 49 (7.7) | 0.421 | 838 (7.6) | 57 (7.4) | 0.482 |
| Employed | 7324 (92.3) | 229 (93.4) | 7186 (92.4) | 367 (92.3) | 7116 (92.4) | 437 (92.6) | |||
| Wealth | |||||||||
| Poorest | 3238 (25.4) | 109 (15.6) | 0.248 | 3163 (25.3) | 184 (21.5) | 0.015 | 3118 (25.3) | 229 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Poorer | 1430 (23.4) | 48 (22.5) | 1400 (23.4) | 78 (22.2) | 1390 (23.5) | 88 (21.3) | |||
| Middle | 1167 (21.1) | 36 (22.8) | 1147 (21.3) | 56 (20.0) | 1136 (21.2) | 67 (20.7) | |||
| Richer | 1025 (17.8) | 30 (24.8) | 1000 (17.7) | 55 (23.3) | 993 (17.6) | 62 (23.7) | |||
| Richest | 1337 (12.3) | 28 (14.3) | 1322 (12.3) | 43 (13.0) | 1317 (12.3) | 48 (12.1) | |||
| Total number of preceding child | |||||||||
| ≤2 | 2627 (31.0) | 57 (27.0) | <0.001 | 2591 (31.0) | 93 (27.1) | <0.001 | 2575 (31.1) | 109 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| 3–4 | 2561 (30.6) | 77 (22.0) | 2505 (30.7) | 133 (23.6) | 2482 (30.7) | 156 (24.6) | |||
| ≥5 | 3009 (38.4) | 117 (50.9) | 2936 (38.2) | 190 (49.3) | 2897 (38.2) | 229 (49.0) | |||
| Residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 1264 (8.8) | 22 (12.0) | 0.004 | 1251 (8.9) | 35 (8.7) | <0.001 | 1248 (9.0) | 38 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 6933 (91.2) | 229 (88.0) | 6781 (91.1) | 381 (91.3) | 6706 (91.0) | 456 (92.3) | |||
| Region | |||||||||
| Tigray | 765 (6.0) | 23 (6.1) | 0.516 | 762 (6.1) | 26 (4.1) | 0.145 | 752 (6.1) | 36 (5.3) | 0.039 |
| Afar | 808 (1.0) | 20 (0.7) | 779 (1.0) | 49 (1.2) | 762 (1.0) | 66 (1.4) | |||
| Amhara | 774 (18.7) | 26 (22.2) | 765 (18.8) | 35 (17.9) | 761 (18.9) | 39 (17.2) | |||
| Oromia | 1270 (44.7) | 37 (45.5) | 1245 (44.6) | 62 (47.9) | 1235 (44.6) | 72 (47.1) | |||
| Somali | 1231 (5.0) | 52 (6.3) | 1210 (4.9) | 73 (5.4) | 1203 (4.9) | 80 (5.1) | |||
| Benishangul-Gumuz | 711 (1.1) | 24 (1.0) | 690 (1.1) | 45 (1.3) | 682 (1.1) | 53 (1.4) | |||
| SNNPR | 1021 (21.2) | 23 (16.0) | 995 (21.1) | 49 (20.4) | 987 (21.1) | 57 (20.9) | |||
| Gambella | 541 (0.2) | 16 (0.2) | 531 (0.2) | 26 (0.2) | 522 (0.2) | 35 (0.2) | |||
| Harari | 443 (0.2) | 13 (0.2) | 429 (0.2) | 27 (0.2) | 427 (0.2) | 29 (0.2) | |||
| Addis Ababa | 246 (1.5) | 6 (1.2) | 245 (1.5) | 7 (1.0) | 245 (1.5) | 7 (0.8) | |||
| Dire Dawa | 387 (0.4) | 11 (0.4) | 381 (0.4) | 17 (0.4) | 378 (0.4) | 20 (0.4) | |||
| Access to mass media | |||||||||
| Yes | 1408 (15.8) | 36 (23.2) | 0.240 | 1383 (15.9) | 61 (20.2) | 0.177 | 1376 (15.9) | 68 (19.0) | 0.043 |
| No | 6789 (84.2) | 215 (76.8) | 6649 (84.1) | 355 (79.8) | 6578 (84.1) | 426 (81.0) | |||
| Decision-making autonomy | |||||||||
| Yes | 6014 (77.7) | 179 (74.9) | 0.469 | 5898 (77.8) | 295 (73.8) | 0.258 | 5848 | 345 | 0.072 |
| No | 2183 (22.3) | 72 (25.1) | 2134 (22.2) | 121 (26.2) | 2106 | 149 | |||
EDHS, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey; SNNPR, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region.