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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Assess. 2021 Apr 22;33(6):574–579. doi: 10.1037/pas0001024

Table 3.

Invariance of the 3-factor, 12-item CES-D model between gender

Model χ2 df CFI SRMR RMSEA
 1. Configural invariance 175.19* 100 .958 .046 .043
 2. Metric Invariance A 226.22* 112 .936 .083 .050
 3. Metric Invariance B 197.03* 111 .952 .066 .044
 4. Scalar Invariance † 212.66* 119 .947 .067 .044
Model Comparison Δχ2 Δdf ΔCFI ΔSRMR ΔRMSEA
1 vs. 2 +51.03 12 −.022 +.037 +.007
1 vs. 3 +21.84 11 −.006 +.020 +.001
3 vs. 4 +15.63 8 −.005 +.001 .000

Note. χ2=Chi-square. df=Degrees of Freedom. CFI=Comparative Fit Index. SRMR=Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals. RMSEA=Root Mean Square Error Approximation. Δχ2 reflects the difference in χ2 values between nested models.

*

p≤ .05. Metric Invariance model A: correlated error between Sad and Crying items only. Metric Invariance model B: correlated error between Sad with Crying items and Crying item released from constraints between gender.

†=

Scalar invariance model includes a correlated error between Sad and Crying items as well as Crying item released from constraints between gender.