Figure 3.

Measurement of root apex movement between T0 and T1. (A) Qualitative visualization of superimposition in the axial, coronal, and sagittal views of CBCT images at T0 and T1. (B) Reference planes were set as the pretreatment palatal plane (ANS-PNS) in the maxilla and as the mandibular plane (Me-Go) in the mandible. (C) Origin of coordinates was the incisor apex at T0, and the x- and y-axes are oriented parallel and perpendicular to the reference plane, respectively. The advancement, retraction, intrusion, extrusion, and total displacement were measured in the coordinate system.