Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects with or without depression
| Variables | N | Depression | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| Demographic and social characteristics | ||||
| Sex (%) | 16,371 | |||
| Male | 7886 | 7751 (49.1) | 135 (22.7) | <0.001 |
| Female | 8485 | 8024 (50.9) | 461 (77.3) | |
| Age group (%) | 16,371 | |||
| ≤29 | 4538 | 4469 (28.3) | 69 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| 30–39 | 2755 | 2682 (17.0) | 73 (12.3) | |
| 40–49 | 2817 | 2714 (17.2) | 103 (17.3) | |
| 50–59 | 2891 | 2734 (17.3) | 157 (26.3) | |
| 60–69 | 2294 | 2165 (13.7) | 129 (21.6) | |
| 70–79 | 928 | 867 (5.5) | 61 (10.2) | |
| ≥80 | 148 | 144 (1.0) | 4 (0.7) | |
| Marital status (%) | 16,364 | |||
| Married | 11,395 | 10,882 (69.0) | 513 (86.1) | <0.001 |
| Living alone | 4969 | 4886 (31.0) | 83 (13.9) | |
| Residential areas (%) | 16,371 | |||
| Urban | 13,421 | 12,930 (82.0) | 491 (82.4) | 0.795 |
| Rural | 2950 | 2845 (18.0) | 105 (17.6) | |
| Occupation (%) | 15,170 | |||
| Managers, professional | 2052 | 2012 (13.8) | 40 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Office worker, clerical workers | 1518 | 1487 (10.2) | 31 (5.2) | |
| Service workers, sales workers | 2012 | 1947 (13.4) | 65 (10.9) | |
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing workers | 757 | 728 (5.0) | 29 (4.8) | |
| Craft, plant and machine operators and assemblers | 1638 | 1611 (11.1) | 27 (4.5) | |
| Elementary occupations | 1259 | 1202 (8.3) | 57 (9.6) | |
| Unemployed | 5934 | 5587 (38.2) | 347 (58.2) | |
| Education level (%) | 16,333 | |||
| ≤Middle school | 5915 | 5639 (35.8) | 276 (46.3) | <0.001 |
| High school | 5331 | 5137 (32.7) | 194 (32.6) | |
| ≥College | 5087 | 4961 (31.5) | 126 (21.1) | |
| Monthly household income (%)* | 16,264 | |||
| <2000 | 4327 | 4062 (25.9) | 265 (44.6) | <0.001 |
| ≥2000 and <4000 | 5320 | 5167 (33.0) | 153 (25.8) | |
| ≥4000 and <6000 | 3599 | 3506 (22.4) | 93 (15.6) | |
| ≥6000 | 3018 | 2935 (18.7) | 83 (14.0) | |
| BMI group (%) | 16,339 | |||
| <18.5 | 1165 | 1143 (7.3) | 22 (3.6) | 0.004 |
| ≥18.5 and <25 | 10,197 | 9827 (62.4) | 370 (62.1) | |
| ≥25 and <30 | 4300 | 4122 (26.2) | 178 (29.9) | |
| ≥30 | 677 | 651 (4.1) | 26 (4.4) | |
| Smoking status (%) | 14,354 | |||
| Non/ex-smoker | 10,729 | 10,246 (74.5) | 483 (81.2) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 3625 | 3513 (25.5) | 112 (18.8) | |
| Cotinine verified smokers (%) | 16,371 | |||
| No | 8059 | 7741 (49.1) | 318 (53.4) | 0.040 |
| Yes | 8312 | 8034 (50.9) | 278 (46.6) | |
| High-risk drinking status (%) | 16,356 | |||
| No | 14,809 | 14,293 (90.7) | 516 (86.6) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 1547 | 1467 (9.3) | 80 (13.4) | |
| Physical activity (%) | 16,371 | |||
| Not regular | 13,116 | 12,644 (80.2) | 472 (79.2) | 0.565 |
| Regular | 3255 | 3131 (19.8) | 124 (20.8) | |
| Family history of CVDs (%) | 13,450 | |||
| No | 7836 | 7599 (58.6) | 237 (49.0) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 5614 | 5367 (41.4) | 247 (51.0) | |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 13,310 | |||
| No | 10,644 | 10,283 (80.1) | 361(76.5) | 0.054 |
| Yes | 2666 | 2555 (19.9) | 111(23.5) | |
| Family history of hyperlipidemia (%) | 12,945 | |||
| No | 12,104 | 11,688 (93.6) | 416 (90.6) | 0.011 |
| Yes | 841 | 798 (6.4) | 43 (9.4) | |
*Thousand won
CVDs, cardiovascular diseases