TABLE 1.

Novel mycobacterial species isolated from humans or identified as causes of human disease between January 2018 and December 2019

Scientific name	Yr identified	Source(s)	Clinical relevance	Selected characteristics	Type strain no.	Gene(s) used for unique identification	Reference(s)
M. attenuatum	2019	Bronchial secretion	Nonpathogenic	Slow-grower, photochromogen; phenotypically similar to other members of M. kansasii complex	MK41	16S, hsp65, rpoB, tuf	9
M. basiliense	2019	Bronchoalveolar lavage and secretions	Pulmonary infection	Slow-growing nonphotochromogen, closely related to M. marinum and M. ulcerans	901379	16S, rpoB	1
M. decipiens	2018	Cutaneous lesion, lymph node tissue	Synovitis, lymphadenitis	Slow-growing nonpigmented with rough colonies; most closely related to M. tuberculosis complex; positive by AccuProbe for MTBC	TBL 1200985	16S, rpoB, hsp65	2, 3
M. innocens	2019	Sputum	Undetermined	Slow-grower, photochromogen; shares similarities to M. persicum	MK13	16S, hsp65, rpoB, tuf	9
M. pseudokansasii	2019	Blood	Isolated from patient with disseminated infection	Slow-grower, rough colonies, and photochromogenic; phenotypically similar to other members of M. kansasii complex	MK142	16S, hsp65, rpoB, tuf	9
M. shigaense	2018	Skin, sputum, bronchial fluid, lymph nodes	Pulmonary and cutaneous lesions, disseminated infection	Slow-growing scotochromogen, rough or smooth pigmented yellow colonies; member of the M. simiae complex; most closely related to M. simiae	UN-152	16S, ITS, rpoB, hsp65	4
M. intracellulare subsp. yongonense	2018 (reclassified)	Sputum	Pulmonary infection	Slow-growing nonchromogenic, new subspecies of M. intracellulare	05-1390	WGS	10, 11
M. chelonae subsp. gwanakae	2018 (reclassified)	Sputum	Pulmonary infection	Rapid growing nonchromogenic, white smooth colonies; new subspecies of M. chelonae	MOTT36W	16S, rpoB, hsp65	12