Table 3.
PEDro scores of included studies.
| Study | Inclusion criteria | Random allocation | Allocation concealment | Similar to the baseline | Participants blind | Therapists blind | Assessors blind | 85% of follow-up | Intentionality analysis | Comparison between groups | Measured value | Total score 10 |
| Bestall 2003[20] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Wadell 2004[36] | Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Puente-Maestu 2006[21] | Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Lotshaw 2007[31] | Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Ozdemir2010[30] | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| de Souto Araujo 2012[34] | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Leung 2012[27] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Casey 2013[22] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| McNamara 2013[37] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Wootton 2014[23] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Tsai 2017[24] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Daabis 2017[25] | Yes | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Wootton 2017[26] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Li 2018[28] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Wu 2018[35] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Felcar 2018[32] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| de Castro 2019[33] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Gallo-silva 2019[29] | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
1: Meets the PEDro scoring criteria; 0: not meet the PEDro scoring criteria.