Table 4.
Histopathological scores of liver lesions in the normal control, diclofenac-injected group, and diclofenac-injected groups treated with naringin, hesperidin, and their combination.
| Histopathological changes | Score | Normal control | Diclofenac | Diclofenac+naringin | Diclofenac+hesperidin | Diclofenac+naringin+hesperidin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydropic and vacuolar degeneration | 0 | 6 (100%) | 1 (16.7%) | 3 (50.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| I | — | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 2 (33.3%) | 2 (33.3%) | |
| II | — | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | — | |
| III | — | 2 (33.3%) | — | — | — | |
| Inflammation (inflammatory cell infiltration) | 0 | 6 (100%) | — | 3 (50.0%) | 3 (50.0%) | 5 (83.3%) |
| I | — | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| II | — | 2 (33.3%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | — | |
| III | — | 3 (50.0%) | — | — | — | |
| Necrosis | 0 | 6 (100%) | — | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| I | — | 2 (33.3%) | 2 (33.3%) | 3 (50.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | |
| II | — | 2 (33.3%) | 3 (50.0%) | 1 (16.7%) | — | |
| III | — | 2 (33.3%) | — | — | — | |
| Apoptosis | 0 | 6 (100%) | — | 3 (50.0%) | 3 (50.0%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| I | — | 1 (16.7%) | 3 (50.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| II | — | 2 (33.3%) | — | 1 (16.7%)- | 1 (16.7%) | |
| III | — | 3 (50.0%) | — | — | — | |
| Kupffer cell proliferation | 0 | 6 (100%) | — | 3 (50.0%) | 3 (50.0%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| I | — | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| II | — | 3 (50.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
| III | — | 2 (33.3%) | — | — | — | |
| Fatty changes and steatosis | 0 | 6 (100%) | 4 (66.7%) | 4 (66.7%) | 4 (66.7%) | 6 (100%) |
| I | — | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | — | — | |
| II | — | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | — | |
| III | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Congested blood vessels and sinusoids | 0 | 6 (100%) | — | 3 (50.0%) | 4 (66.7%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| I | — | 2 (33.3%) | — | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | |
| II | — | 3 (50.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | — | |
| III | — | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (16.7%) | — | — | |
| Hyperplasia of epithelial lining of the bile duct | 0 | 6 (100%) | 4 (66.7%) | 5 (83.3%) | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) |
| I | — | — | — | — | — | |
| II | — | — | 1 (16.7%) | — | — | |
| III | — | 2 (33.3%) | — | — | — |
0: absence of lesion; I: mild; II: moderate; III: severe. Number of animals in each group is 6. Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the number of animals for each grade. The % in parentheses is the percent of animals in each grade.