Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Sample size | Design | Outcome | Age (years) | Male (%) | Patients with dementia (%) | Patients with history of stroke (%) | Patients with delirium n (%) | Delirium diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atkins JL et al. (Atkins et al., 2020) 2020 | 507 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 74.3 | 61.3 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 5 (1%) | Using the DSM-V criteria |
| De Smet R et al. (De Smet et al., 2020) 2020 | 81 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 85.3 (88 vs 84.5) | 41 (42 vs 40) | 44 (52.6 vs 43) | N/A | 34 (42%) | Not described |
| Emmerton D et al. (Emmerton and Abdelhafiz, 2020) 2020 | 71 | Case-series | Severity, Mortality | 73.5 (83 vs 68) | 57.7 (58.3 vs 57.6) | 14 (33 vs 10) | 33.8 (50 vs 31) | 12 (17%) | Using the 4AT tool |
| Garcez FB et al. (Garcez et al., 2020) 2020 | 707 | Retrospective cohort | Severity, Mortality | 66 (70 vs 64) | 57 (61 vs 55) | 4 (9 vs 2) | 7 (12 vs 5) | 234 (33%) | Using the Chart-Based Delirium Identification Instrument (CHART-DEL) |
| Hammes J et al. (Hammes et al., 2020) 2020 | 144 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 106 (73.6%) | Using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) |
| Helms J et al. (Helms et al., 2020) 2020 | 140 | Prospective cohort | Mortality | 61.3 (62 vs 65) | 71.4 (75.4 vs 50) | 2.9 (2.7 vs 4.5) | 6.4 (8 vs 0) | 118 (81.9%) | Using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) |
| Karlsson LK et al. (Karlsson et al., 2020) 2020 | 102 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 84.6 | 47 | N/A | N/A | 30 (29.4%) | Not described |
| Kennedy M et al. (Kennedy et al., 2020) 2020 | 817 | Prospective cohort | Mortality | 77.7 (83.2 vs 74.3) | 47 (45.5 vs 47.8) | 30 (42 vs 25.8) | 13 (20.3 vs 10.3) | 226 (28%) | Using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) |
| Khan SH et al. (Khan et al., 2020) 2020 | 268 | Retrospective cohort | Severity, Mortality | 58.4 (58.9 vs 55.7) | 59.7 (54.7 vs 65.8) | 3.5 (3.8 vs 2.6) | N/A | 215 (80.2%) | Using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) |
| Knopp P et al. (Knopp et al., 2020) 2020 | 217 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 80 | 62 | 33 | N/A | 64 (29%) | Not described |
| Marengoni A et al. (Marengoni et al., 2020) 2020 | 91 | Retrospective cohort | Severity, Mortality | 79.5 (81.7 vs 78.6) | 60.4 (64 vs 59.1) | N/A | N/A | 25 (27.4%) | Screened by using 4AT tool and confirmed by the DSM-V criteria |
| Mattace-Raso F et al. (Mattace-Raso et al., 2020) 2020 | 123 | Retrospective cohort | Severity | 70.7 (71.3 vs 70.4) | 71.5 (78.7 vs 67) | N/A | N/A | 47 (38.2%) | Using the DSM-V criteria |
| Poloni TE et al. (Poloni et al., 2020) 2020 | 57 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 82.8 (85.4 vs 81.2) | 33.3 (42.9 vs 27.8) | 100 (100 vs 100) | N/A | 21 (36.8%) | Using the DSM-V criteria |
| Rawle MJ et al. (Rawle et al., 2020) 2020 | 134 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 86 | 54.5 | 26.1 | N/A | 55 (41%) | Using the 4AT tool |
| Rebora P et al. (Rebora et al., 2020) 2020 | 516 | Prospective cohort | Mortality | 78.3 (84 vs 77) | 62 (47 vs 64) | 16 (48 vs 11) | N/A | 73 (14.1%) | Screened by using 4AT tool and confirmed by the DSM-V criteria |
| Romero-Sanchez CM et al. (Romero-Sánchez et al., 2020) 2020 | 841 | Retrospective cohort | Severity | 66.4 (71.5 vs 63.1) | 56.2 (56.5 vs 56.1) | 8.4 (12.5 vs 5.9) | 6.3 (8.3 vs 5.1) | 69 (8.2%) | Not described |
| Steinmeyer Z et al. (Steinmeyer et al., 2020) 2020 | 94 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 85.5 (88.6 vs 84.8) | 44.7 (35.3 vs 46.8) | 45.7 (52.9 vs 44.2) | N/A | 8 (8.5%) | Using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) |
| Ticinesi A et al. (Ticinesi et al., 2020) 2020 | 852 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 73 (82 vs 75) | 52.9 (55 vs 53) | 18.3 (40 vs 16) | 6.3 (12 vs 6) | 758 (88.9%) | Using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) |
| Vrillon A et al. (Vrillon et al., 2020) 2020 | 76 | Prospective cohort | Mortality | 89.3 (89.5 vs 90) | 44.7 (68.2 vs 35.2) | 63.2 (45.5 vs 70.4) | 28.9 (22.7 vs 31.5) | 54 (71.1%) | Not described |
| Zerah L et al. (Zerah et al., 2020) 2020 | 821 | Retrospective cohort | Mortality | 86 (87 vs 86) | 42 (50 vs 39) | 54 (52 vs 55) | 22 (24 vs 21) | 205 (25%) | Using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) |
vs = Group A vs Group B.